Understanding Citizen Science: Insights from the 2024/2025 OpenSky Network User Survey

Abstract

The OpenSky Network has grown into one of the largest community-driven air traffic surveillance infrastructures worldwide. While its data are widely used in research, comparatively little is known about the individuals who maintain the sensor network. In late 2024 to early 2025, we conducted the first large-scale user survey of OpenSky Network members to better understand the demographics, motivations, and barriers associated with participation. This paper presents key findings from more than 500 responses, highlighting who contributes to OpenSky and why, and what prevents others from becoming active feeders. The collected data show that participants are predominantly well-educated, above-median-income males from Western countries, with an approximate average age of 50 years. Their primary motivation is contributing to research, despite limited knowledge of the specific research projects. Cost is the main barrier to participation, particularly in underrepresented regions, whereas disinterest and environmental concerns deter adoption in other areas.