Beyond the state order? Second crop production in the Ferghana Valley, Uzbekistan

Abstract

After independence in 1991, Uzbekistan introduced a policy on food security and consequently
reduced the irrigated area allocated to cotton and increased the area of winter wheat.
Shifting to winter wheat allowed farmers to grow a second crop outside the state-order system.
The second crops are the most profitable and therefore farmers tried to maximize the area grown
to this second crop. Although the second crops are the most profitable, only few studies have
focused on this topic. Evidence is presented which shows that state control of crops has been
extended from the main crops, cotton and wheat, to the second crops. Satellite images used for
classification of main crops in two provinces of the Ferghana Valley for 2006–2011, highlight
that the area utilized for second crops is dependent on the infrastructure that enables access to the
water resource, not on the area’s position within the irrigation system.