Vol 6 No 1 (2006)
2006-02-01
Vol 6 No 1 (2006)
2006-02-01
Articles
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Mobility as a key feature of a modern society takes place at all geographic scales. The past decades have witnessed an enormous and unprecedented increase in the volume of intercontinental transport (e.g., between Europe and North-America, and between Asia and North-America) (Black and Nijkamp, 2002). Interestingly enough, a similar development is also present at a local level, where not only the activity radius is increasing, but also the frequency of trips. Geographically, our world is becoming less distant (resembling a ‘small world network’; see, e.g., Barabasi, 2002 and Watts, 1999) and more local and close-by, the so-called ‘global village’ (Poot, 2004).
Mobility as a key feature of a modern society takes place at all geographic scales. The past decades have witnessed an enormous and unprecedented increase in the volume of intercontinental transport (e.g., between Europe and North-America, and between Asia and North-America) (Black and Nijkamp, 2002). Interestingly enough, a similar development is also present at a local level, where not only the activity radius is increasing, but also the frequency of trips. Geographically, our world is becoming less distant (resembling a ‘small world network’; see, e.g., Barabasi, 2002 and Watts, 1999) and more local and close-by, the so-called ‘global village’ (Poot, 2004).
Mobility as a key feature of a modern society takes place at all geographic scales. The past decades have witnessed an enormous and unprecedented increase in the volume of intercontinental transport (e.g., between Europe and North-America, and between Asia and North-America) (Black and...
William R Black, Peter Nijkamp, Aura Reggiani -
The field of transportation research is in full motion. The need to address sustainability aspects of transportation prompts both intriguing policy questions and fascinating research challenges. On both sides of the Atlantic a great variety of research strategies and projects have been developed to cope with relevant research questions. The STELLA Transatlantic network aims to focus the attention on these issues with a view to the exchange of information, the execution of comparative research and the establishment of relevant network activities in order to design a future research agenda. The paper introduces the nature of these research questions from a transatlantic perspective and presents the contours of a realistic policy research agenda for transportation in a sustainability context.
The field of transportation research is in full motion. The need to address sustainability aspects of transportation prompts both intriguing policy questions and fascinating research challenges. On both sides of the Atlantic a great variety of research strategies and projects have been developed to cope with relevant research questions. The STELLA Transatlantic network aims to focus the attention on these issues with a view to the exchange of information, the execution of comparative research and the establishment of relevant network activities in order to design a future research agenda. The paper introduces the nature of these research questions from a transatlantic perspective and presents the contours of a realistic policy research agenda for transportation in a sustainability context.
The field of transportation research is in full motion. The need to address sustainability aspects of transportation prompts both intriguing policy questions and fascinating research challenges. On both sides of the Atlantic a great variety of research strategies and projects have been...
William R Black, Peter Nijkamp, Aura Reggiani -
Freight transport has emerged as one of the most critical and dynamic aspects of the transport sector where change has become the norm. It is now the main element supporting global commodity and more generally supply chains. Yet the lack of seamlessness and inefficiencies in general as well as the rising costs and complexities of shipping and delivering goods are adding to profit pressures faced by manufacturers across the globe. Our paper first discusses the concept of seamlessness, and then examines some of the consequences of the lack of seamlessness in terms of freight transport inefficiencies. We then begin to examine the new developments in which intermodality, technology (e-commerce), and logistics are changing and will have the impact of heightening competitive advantage
and reducing constraint points in production value chains and global production networks. Finally the intent is to show how research on this theme might be advanced in a trans-Atlantic framework.Freight transport has emerged as one of the most critical and dynamic aspects of the transport sector where change has become the norm. It is now the main element supporting global commodity and more generally supply chains. Yet the lack of seamlessness and inefficiencies in general as well as the rising costs and complexities of shipping and delivering goods are adding to profit pressures faced by manufacturers across the globe. Our paper first discusses the concept of seamlessness, and then examines some of the consequences of the lack of seamlessness in terms of freight transport inefficiencies. We then begin to examine the new developments in which intermodality, technology (e-commerce), and logistics are changing and will have the impact of heightening competitive advantage
and reducing constraint points in production value chains and global production networks. Finally the intent is to show how research on this theme might be advanced in a trans-Atlantic framework.Freight transport has emerged as one of the most critical and dynamic aspects of the transport sector where change has become the norm. It is now the main element supporting global commodity and more generally supply chains. Yet the lack of seamlessness and inefficiencies in general as well as...
Cristina Capineri, Thomas R. Leinbach -
In this paper we address the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on sustainable transport in two ways, i.e. by examining the relation between ICT use and transport demand and by examining the direct application of ICT in the transport system. Following a discussion of the various negative externalities of transport and a discussion of the latest insights into the impacts of ICT on transport demand, we examine the extent to which existing and potential ICT applications in the transport sector can assist in making transport sustainable or at least more sustainable than it is at present. We particularly focus on qualitative and quantitative impacts of several ICT applications on travel behavior (including fatalities) and on differences in the potential adoption of these innovations between the United States and Europe.
In this paper we address the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on sustainable transport in two ways, i.e. by examining the relation between ICT use and transport demand and by examining the direct application of ICT in the transport system. Following a discussion of the various negative externalities of transport and a discussion of the latest insights into the impacts of ICT on transport demand, we examine the extent to which existing and potential ICT applications in the transport sector can assist in making transport sustainable or at least more sustainable than it is at present. We particularly focus on qualitative and quantitative impacts of several ICT applications on travel behavior (including fatalities) and on differences in the potential adoption of these innovations between the United States and Europe.
In this paper we address the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on sustainable transport in two ways, i.e. by examining the relation between ICT use and transport demand and by examining the direct application of ICT in the transport system. Following a discussion of...
William R. Black, Marina van Geenhuizen -
This contribution describes the work of Focus Group three of the European Union network Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons to America (STELLA). It examines especially social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective. Significant societal trends (e.g. the ageing of societies) are surveyed and their implications for mobility behaviour are drawn. The sustainability of this behaviour is considered along with constraints and drivers of this behaviour in Europe and North America. The contribution takes up relevant policy issues and concludes with a discussion of a transatlantic research agenda on social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport.
This contribution describes the work of Focus Group three of the European Union network Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons to America (STELLA). It examines especially social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective. Significant societal trends (e.g. the ageing of societies) are surveyed and their implications for mobility behaviour are drawn. The sustainability of this behaviour is considered along with constraints and drivers of this behaviour in Europe and North America. The contribution takes up relevant policy issues and concludes with a discussion of a transatlantic research agenda on social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport.
This contribution describes the work of Focus Group three of the European Union network Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons to America (STELLA). It examines especially social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective. Significant...
Georg Rudinger, Kieran Donaghy, Stefan Poppelreuter -
In this paper we discuss to what extent transport policy fails to integrate five types of external effects, and what kind of research needs follow from the objective to make transport sustainable. The discussion is a synthesis of the findings collected and synthesized in the framework of Focus Group 4 of the STELLA project. The assignment of Focus Group 4 was to draw up a set of recommendations for future transport policy-oriented research dealing with external effects, on the basis of a series of specialist workshops.
Five different kinds of so-called external effects of transport were identified beforehand, being environment, safety and security, public health, land use and congestion. Safety and security as well as congestion are external effects in the sense that they are not ‘internalised’ in the price of the transport service, but they do affect predominantly others within the transport system. This means that with some delay the transport market still reacts to changes in the intensity of these effects, albeit biased or insufficient. The public goods character of both externalities however implies that public intervention is needed to attain better performance of these external effects, partly via internalisation of the external effects and partly via planning (i.e. by evaluating the trade-offs ex ante).
The other external effects, however, are not only insufficiently internalised in the transport price, but they are also predominantly affecting parties outside the transport system. Consequently, changes in the intensity of these effects do not feed back directly into the transport market. In that case public intervention has even a more complicated task, since it takes more time and is more complicated to learn what are actually the right balances for the trade-offs between adequate access and, in turn, sustainability, spatial quality, and public health.In this paper we discuss to what extent transport policy fails to integrate five types of external effects, and what kind of research needs follow from the objective to make transport sustainable. The discussion is a synthesis of the findings collected and synthesized in the framework of Focus Group 4 of the STELLA project. The assignment of Focus Group 4 was to draw up a set of recommendations for future transport policy-oriented research dealing with external effects, on the basis of a series of specialist workshops.
Five different kinds of so-called external effects of transport were identified beforehand, being environment, safety and security, public health, land use and congestion. Safety and security as well as congestion are external effects in the sense that they are not ‘internalised’ in the price of the transport service, but they do affect predominantly others within the transport system. This means that with some delay the transport market still...In this paper we discuss to what extent transport policy fails to integrate five types of external effects, and what kind of research needs follow from the objective to make transport sustainable. The discussion is a synthesis of the findings collected and synthesized in the framework of Focus...
Veli Himanen, Adriaan Perrels, Martin Lee-Gosselin -
This policy research document examines institutional and regulatory aspects of sustainable transport from a cross- national perspective. While institutions appear to play an important role in the economic success of many countries, it is not so clear that they also support sustainable development. In fact, institutions are probably both supporting and constraining depending on the situation and it remains unclear what the net balance is. A number of examples of the role of institutions in transport are discussed. A research agenda is formulated with special attention to among others success and failure factors for regulatory reform, private versus public roles in transport, border effects and issues of fiscal
competition.This policy research document examines institutional and regulatory aspects of sustainable transport from a cross- national perspective. While institutions appear to play an important role in the economic success of many countries, it is not so clear that they also support sustainable development. In fact, institutions are probably both supporting and constraining depending on the situation and it remains unclear what the net balance is. A number of examples of the role of institutions in transport are discussed. A research agenda is formulated with special attention to among others success and failure factors for regulatory reform, private versus public roles in transport, border effects and issues of fiscal
competition.This policy research document examines institutional and regulatory aspects of sustainable transport from a cross- national perspective. While institutions appear to play an important role in the economic success of many countries, it is not so clear that they also support sustainable...
Piet Rietveld, Roger Stough