Vol 4 No 3 (2004)
2004-08-01
Vol 4 No 3 (2004)
2004-08-01
Articles
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That land-use and transport systems are interdependent and characterized by a two-way interaction is a well-known fact. The spatial configuration of activities influences the level and characteristics of transportation demand, and conversely, the location and quality of transportation infrastructure affects how activities are organized in space. Since the 1960s, several methodologies and models have been developed and used to examine the land-use and transport patterns and change. The research issues addressed using these models have, since the 1990s, been broadened to include sustainability impacts in transport policy, thereby strongly increasing modelling demands and raising several research challenges. This was the theme of a special session on ‘Land Use Transport Interaction Modelling and Sustainability’, as part of the international conference ‘Framing Land Use Dynamics’ held in April 2003 at Utrecht University (UU) in the Netherlands. The conference was organised as part of the Utrecht University’s multidisciplinary research programme, ‘Networks in the Delta’, aimed at developing a theoretical and methodological framework for understanding and modelling the complex interactions between socio-economic and environmental systems (see website Networks in the Delta (2004) for a full description). The papers included in this special issue of the European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research were presented at the conference under the theme, ‘Infrastructure, mobility and land-use planning’, focusing on transportation and land-use dynamics. Papers describe experiences with land-use and transport interaction models as impact assessment and policy appraisal tools, with contributions covering different local, regional and national spatial scales in Western European contexts, in particular, the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands.
That land-use and transport systems are interdependent and characterized by a two-way interaction is a well-known fact. The spatial configuration of activities influences the level and characteristics of transportation demand, and conversely, the location and quality of transportation infrastructure affects how activities are organized in space. Since the 1960s, several methodologies and models have been developed and used to examine the land-use and transport patterns and change. The research issues addressed using these models have, since the 1990s, been broadened to include sustainability impacts in transport policy, thereby strongly increasing modelling demands and raising several research challenges. This was the theme of a special session on ‘Land Use Transport Interaction Modelling and Sustainability’, as part of the international conference ‘Framing Land Use Dynamics’ held in April 2003 at Utrecht University (UU)...
That land-use and transport systems are interdependent and characterized by a two-way interaction is a well-known fact. The spatial configuration of activities influences the level and characteristics of transportation demand, and conversely, the location and quality...
Karst Geurs, Jan Ritsema van Eck -
The objective of the EU research project PROPOLIS (Planning and Research of Policies for Land Use and Transport for Increasing Urban Sustainability) was to assess urban strategies and to demonstrate their long-term effects in European cities. To reach this goal, a comprehensive framework of methodologies including integrated land-use, transport and environmental models as well as indicator, evaluation and presentation systems was developed.
Sustainable development is viewed as comprising the environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimension. Thirty-five indicators were defined to measure the three dimensions of sustainability, such as air pollution, consumption of natural resources, quality of open space, population exposure to air pollution and noise, equity and opportunities and economic benefits from transport and land use.
Indicator values are derived from state-of-the-art urban land-use and transport models. A number of additional modules, including a justice evaluation module, an economic evaluation module and a GIS-based raster module, were developed and integrated to provide further indicator values. Both multicriteria and cost-benefit analysis methods are used to consistently evaluate the impacts of the policies. The environmental and social dimensions of sustainability are measured using multicriteria analysis for the evaluation of the indicators, whereas cost-benefit analysis is used for the economic dimension. The modelling and evaluation system was implemented in seven European urban regions: Bilbao (Spain), Brussels (Belgium), Dortmund (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Inverness (Scotland), Naples (Italy) and Vicenza (Italy).
A large number of policies were tested with the modelling and evaluation system in the seven urban regions. Policies investigated are land use policies, transport infrastructure policies, transport regulation and pricing policies and combinations of these. Besides a common set of policies examined in all seven urban regions, also city-specific local policies were assessed in each urban region.
The first part of the paper introduces the methodology and the model system developed. A particular focus is on the development of indicators describing urban sustainability derived from different indicator modules in the modelling system. The second part presents selected aggregated results of the policy testing and evaluation for Dortmund as one of the seven urban regions. The paper concludes with recommendations on how successful strategies to enhance the long-term ustainability of urban regions should look like.
The objective of the EU research project PROPOLIS (Planning and Research of Policies for Land Use and Transport for Increasing Urban Sustainability) was to assess urban strategies and to demonstrate their long-term effects in European cities. To reach this goal, a comprehensive framework of methodologies including integrated land-use, transport and environmental models as well as indicator, evaluation and presentation systems was developed.
Sustainable development is viewed as comprising the environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimension. Thirty-five indicators were defined to measure the three dimensions of sustainability, such as air pollution, consumption of natural resources, quality of open space, population exposure to air pollution and noise, equity and opportunities and economic benefits from transport and land use.
Indicator values are derived from state-of-the-art urban land-use and transport...
The objective of the EU research project PROPOLIS (Planning and Research of Policies for Land Use and Transport for Increasing Urban Sustainability) was to assess urban strategies and to demonstrate their long-term effects in European cities. To reach this goal, a comprehensive...
Klaus Spiekermann, Michael Wegener -
This paper considers the contributions to economic assessment that have been achieved in a series of UK studies which have used applications of the DELTA package as the landuse/ economic component of a dynamic land-use/transport interaction model. There are three main sections to the paper. The first examines the use of these models as ways of integrating knowledge about spatial and social change for the purpose of examining alternative land-use and transport strategies. The second reviews some of the results obtained from recent projects in relation to current debates about the impacts of transport change. The third considers progress and outstanding issues in relation to the formal appraisal of the costs and benefits arising from transport interventions. The concluding section comments on some of the remaining issues to be dealt with in using these modelling and appraisal methods in relation to questions of sustainability.
This paper considers the contributions to economic assessment that have been achieved in a series of UK studies which have used applications of the DELTA package as the landuse/ economic component of a dynamic land-use/transport interaction model. There are three main sections to the paper. The first examines the use of these models as ways of integrating knowledge about spatial and social change for the purpose of examining alternative land-use and transport strategies. The second reviews some of the results obtained from recent projects in relation to current debates about the impacts of transport change. The third considers progress and outstanding issues in relation to the formal appraisal of the costs and benefits arising from transport interventions. The concluding section comments on some of the remaining issues to be dealt with in using these modelling and appraisal methods in relation to questions of sustainability.
This paper considers the contributions to economic assessment that have been achieved in a series of UK studies which have used applications of the DELTA package as the landuse/ economic component of a dynamic land-use/transport interaction model. There are three main sections...
David Simmonds -
This paper describes the use of an integrated land use and transport model in the development of a long-term strategy for sustainable transport in the London to Ipswich Corridor (LOIS) in the UK. The project is one of a number of larger scale corridor studies commissioned by the UK government as part of a major programme of Multi Modal Studies. The application of the model is reviewed in the dynamic interactions between land use and transport policies, and the choice behaviours of the households and travellers in the region. This helps to explain the ways in which policy initiatives may be assessed in terms of the effectiveness in achieving sustainability objectives for the corridor.
This paper describes the use of an integrated land use and transport model in the development of a long-term strategy for sustainable transport in the London to Ipswich Corridor (LOIS) in the UK. The project is one of a number of larger scale corridor studies commissioned by the UK government as part of a major programme of Multi Modal Studies. The application of the model is reviewed in the dynamic interactions between land use and transport policies, and the choice behaviours of the households and travellers in the region. This helps to explain the ways in which policy initiatives may be assessed in terms of the effectiveness in achieving sustainability objectives for the corridor.
This paper describes the use of an integrated land use and transport model in the development of a long-term strategy for sustainable transport in the London to Ipswich Corridor (LOIS) in the UK. The project is one of a number of larger scale corridor studies commissioned by the...
Lynn Devereux, Ying Jin, Ian Elston -
This paper presents the use of the Dutch LUTI model TIGRIS in the planning process. TIGRIS is a long-term, incremental, time-based interaction and allocation model for land use, mobility, congestion and accessibility. In TIGRIS accessibility is described as a location factor for land-use that generates mobility. This increased mobility leads to congestion and changes in accessibility, and afterwards to new changes in land use. The model is used for regional and national forecasting, and follows a learning-by-doing approach.
In this paper four applications of TIGRIS are described with a focus on assessing impacts and the role in the planning process.
Because TIGRIS was originally developed as a sketch planning model with limited detail and the calibration on the basis of empirical data was rather limited, a new version, TIGRIS XL, is currently being developed.
This paper presents the use of the Dutch LUTI model TIGRIS in the planning process. TIGRIS is a long-term, incremental, time-based interaction and allocation model for land use, mobility, congestion and accessibility. In TIGRIS accessibility is described as a location factor for land-use that generates mobility. This increased mobility leads to congestion and changes in accessibility, and afterwards to new changes in land use. The model is used for regional and national forecasting, and follows a learning-by-doing approach.
In this paper four applications of TIGRIS are described with a focus on assessing impacts and the role in the planning process.
Because TIGRIS was originally developed as a sketch planning model with limited detail and the calibration on the basis of empirical data was rather limited, a new version, TIGRIS XL, is currently being developed.
This paper presents the use of the Dutch LUTI model TIGRIS in the planning process. TIGRIS is a long-term, incremental, time-based interaction and allocation model for land use, mobility, congestion and accessibility. In TIGRIS accessibility is described as a location factor for...
Arnout Schoemakers, Toon van der Hoorn -
Interest in the appraisal of the sustainability impacts of transport policies has grown the last few years, expressing the need for a balanced treatment of economic, environmental and social impacts. This paper represents a first step in creating a framework for Sustainability Impact Assessments; it will also review operational land-use/transport interaction models as assessment tools. An in-depth analysis of the potential impacts of land-use and transport policies, and scenarios, on the economy, society and the environment will present new challenges to land-use/transport interaction models. The first challenge is related to modelling behaviour: i.e. the model should estimate land-use, transport and accessibility impacts in a theoretically sound and consonant manner, and consistently link the full set of (long-term) land-use and (short-term) travel-behavioural responses to these policies. The second challenge is to improve methodologies to (better) include the wider (macro-)economic effects and the passive values. The third challenge is to generate more knowledge for understanding ecological and social impacts, and for the development of related indicators and methodologies to calculate them. A fourth, and final, challenge is related to the presentation and integration of the sustainability impacts, not only including the economic, ecological and social impacts, but also finding the ‘right’ balance between them. Although recent model developments facilitate a far more comprehensive analysis than is common practice today, there is certainly a need for theoretical and practical research for conducting Sustainability Impact Assessments of land use and transport policies and scenarios.
Interest in the appraisal of the sustainability impacts of transport policies has grown the last few years, expressing the need for a balanced treatment of economic, environmental and social impacts. This paper represents a first step in creating a framework for Sustainability Impact Assessments; it will also review operational land-use/transport interaction models as assessment tools. An in-depth analysis of the potential impacts of land-use and transport policies, and scenarios, on the economy, society and the environment will present new challenges to land-use/transport interaction models. The first challenge is related to modelling behaviour: i.e. the model should estimate land-use, transport and accessibility impacts in a theoretically sound and consonant manner, and consistently link the full set of (long-term) land-use and (short-term) travel-behavioural responses to these policies. The second challenge is to improve...
Interest in the appraisal of the sustainability impacts of transport policies has grown the last few years, expressing the need for a balanced treatment of economic, environmental and social impacts. This paper represents a first step in creating a framework for...
Karst T. Geurs, Bert van Wee