Vol 1 No 3 (2001)
Vol 1 No 3 (2001)
Articles
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Recently, considerable technological progress has been made in the field of Automated
Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Electronic devices inform or support the driver in
accident-prone driving situations, in order to improve the critical task of driving a motor
vehicle. Potentially, ADAS offers important advantages for road transportation: increased
control with respect to the speed and the position of vehicles on the road is important for
establishing homogeneous traffic flows and reducing the number of accidents. As such
ADAS is assumed to have a positive impact on the use of road infrastructure and traffic
safety (Boussuge & Valade, 1994). Moreover, this could lead to a reduction of energy use
and polluting gas emissions (Barth, 1995; Michaelian & Browand, 2000). As soon as parts of
or the whole driving task are supported and/or executed automatically by ADAS, vehicle
driving could become more comfortable and more convenient as compared to today’s manual
driving (Stevens, 1997; Hoedemaeker, 1999). These expectations imply a high potential in
individual and societal advantages. In various countries, therefore, transport policy makers are
increasingly interested in the automation of vehicle driving tasks. However, current policy
development regarding ADAS is highly complicated by, among others, much uncertainty on
future ADAS development and implementation in terms of whether ADAS implementation
will contribute to or conflict with transport policy goals, and the basic societal conditions
required for ADAS implementation (Marchau, 2000)Recently, considerable technological progress has been made in the field of Automated
Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Electronic devices inform or support the driver in
accident-prone driving situations, in order to improve the critical task of driving a motor
vehicle. Potentially, ADAS offers important advantages for road transportation: increased
control with respect to the speed and the position of vehicles on the road is important for
establishing homogeneous traffic flows and reducing the number of accidents. As such
ADAS is assumed to have a positive impact on the use of road infrastructure and traffic
safety (Boussuge & Valade, 1994). Moreover, this could lead to a reduction of energy use
and polluting gas emissions (Barth, 1995; Michaelian & Browand, 2000). As soon as parts of
or the whole driving task are supported and/or executed automatically by ADAS, vehicle
driving could become more comfortable and more convenient as compared...Recently, considerable technological progress has been made in the field of Automated
Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). Electronic devices inform or support the driver in
accident-prone driving situations, in order to improve the critical task of driving a motor
vehicle. Potentially,...V.A.W.J. Marchau, K.A. Brookhuis -
This paper reviews issues in and procedures for the safety evaluation of in-vehicle Advanced
Driver Assistance Systems. Contrasts are drawn between the two main areas of driver
assistance systems — on the one hand information systems which interact with the driver
and on the other hand intervening systems which interact directly with the vehicle.
Navigation systems are typical of the former category and adaptive cruise control of the
latter. It is argued that, for information systems it is possible to develop a “generic” safety
assessment procedure, with a single generic test. A contrast is drawn with In the area of
intervening systems (driver warning and vehicle control systems), where no such generic
evaluation by means of a single test is possible. Such systems differ widely in their purpose,
in their intended operating environment, in their functionality and in their operating
envelope. The authors propose a structured procedural approach for the safety assessment
of intervening systems.This paper reviews issues in and procedures for the safety evaluation of in-vehicle Advanced
Driver Assistance Systems. Contrasts are drawn between the two main areas of driver
assistance systems — on the one hand information systems which interact with the driver
and on the other hand intervening systems which interact directly with the vehicle.
Navigation systems are typical of the former category and adaptive cruise control of the
latter. It is argued that, for information systems it is possible to develop a “generic” safety
assessment procedure, with a single generic test. A contrast is drawn with In the area of
intervening systems (driver warning and vehicle control systems), where no such generic
evaluation by means of a single test is possible. Such systems differ widely in their purpose,
in their intended operating environment, in their functionality and in their operating
envelope. The authors propose a structured procedural approach...This paper reviews issues in and procedures for the safety evaluation of in-vehicle Advanced
Driver Assistance Systems. Contrasts are drawn between the two main areas of driver
assistance systems — on the one hand information systems which interact with the driver
and on the other...O.M.J Carsten; L. Nilsson -
This article presents the results of a ex-ante impact assessment study of Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems. It focuses on two systems supporting longitudinal driving tasks, namely
Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control and Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA). The article
addresses and compares the impacts of these systems on efficiency, reliability, driving
comfort and safety by micro-simulation, for different penetration levels and bottleneck layouts.
The analysis reveals that deployment of cruise control improves bottleneck capacity, while
on the contrary, the bottleneck reliability generally reduces. The impact on traffic safety is
undetermined, and the cruise control has a negative impact on driver comfort. ISA has no
considerable effect on capacity. Also, no substantial contribution to the bottleneck reliability
could be established. The expected safety benefits of ISA could generally not be established
using the assessment methodology applied in this research.This article presents the results of a ex-ante impact assessment study of Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems. It focuses on two systems supporting longitudinal driving tasks, namely
Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control and Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA). The article
addresses and compares the impacts of these systems on efficiency, reliability, driving
comfort and safety by micro-simulation, for different penetration levels and bottleneck layouts.
The analysis reveals that deployment of cruise control improves bottleneck capacity, while
on the contrary, the bottleneck reliability generally reduces. The impact on traffic safety is
undetermined, and the cruise control has a negative impact on driver comfort. ISA has no
considerable effect on capacity. Also, no substantial contribution to the bottleneck reliability
could be established. The expected safety benefits of ISA could generally not be established
using the assessment methodology applied...This article presents the results of a ex-ante impact assessment study of Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems. It focuses on two systems supporting longitudinal driving tasks, namely
Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control and Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA). The article
addresses and...S.P. Hoogendoorn, M.M. Minderhoud -
This research deals with the investigation of the advanced driver assistance systems impact on urban traffic network conditions through the use of a traffic network simulation model. Information obtained through microscopic simulation was used as input to a network traffic simulation and assignment model (SATURN). SATURN was applied to the road network of the greater Athens area in an attempt to investigate the impact of two ADAS systems [variable speed limiter (VSL) and adaptive cruise control (ACC)] for different combinations of flow and market penetration levels. It was observed that the ADA systems' impact increases proportionally with the market penetration of these systems and that as traffic flow level increases, the average speed increase becomes smaller (when all other parameters remain unchanged). Furthermore, it appears that ACC offers better network efficiency results than VSL (up to twice as significant) and the benefits of a combined ACC and VSL system are only marginally better than the ACC system alone. The proposed methodology and the related findings can support system developers and policy makers in the process of further ADAS development and promotion.
This research deals with the investigation of the advanced driver assistance systems impact on urban traffic network conditions through the use of a traffic network simulation model. Information obtained through microscopic simulation was used as input to a network traffic simulation and assignment model (SATURN). SATURN was applied to the road network of the greater Athens area in an attempt to investigate the impact of two ADAS systems [variable speed limiter (VSL) and adaptive cruise control (ACC)] for different combinations of flow and market penetration levels. It was observed that the ADA systems' impact increases proportionally with the market penetration of these systems and that as traffic flow level increases, the average speed increase becomes smaller (when all other parameters remain unchanged). Furthermore, it appears that ACC offers better network efficiency results than VSL (up to twice as significant) and the benefits of a combined ACC and VSL system are only...
This research deals with the investigation of the advanced driver assistance systems impact on urban traffic network conditions through the use of a traffic network simulation model. Information obtained through microscopic simulation was used as input to a network traffic simulation and...
John Golias, George Yannis, Constantinos Antoniou -
The introduction of electronic Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road vehicles
is expected to improve traffic efficiency and safety significantly. As such, public policy
makers are increasingly interested in the implementation possibilities of these systems.
Successful implementation in the near future of these systems will largely depend on the
willingness of people to buy and use these systems. The current knowledge regarding this
willingness is limited. Therefore, in this paper the acceptance of potential users is explored
regarding the first ADAS currently deployed. These systems involve proper distance keeping,
speed limit adaptation and navigational support. The preferences for ADA systems have
been measured using conjoint analysis techniques. Drivers of cars and trucks throughout
Europe have been questioned about the overall attractiveness regarding several alternative
ADAS. Alternative systems were presented based on their functional features, different levels
of system price and varying types of roads on which ADAS could be used. On average,
drivers consider it neither attractive nor unattractive to have support systems in their
vehicle(s). However, the study shows that this finding needs to be qualified, as preferences
depend on the specific system characteristics and the background characteristics of drivers.The introduction of electronic Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road vehicles
is expected to improve traffic efficiency and safety significantly. As such, public policy
makers are increasingly interested in the implementation possibilities of these systems.
Successful implementation in the near future of these systems will largely depend on the
willingness of people to buy and use these systems. The current knowledge regarding this
willingness is limited. Therefore, in this paper the acceptance of potential users is explored
regarding the first ADAS currently deployed. These systems involve proper distance keeping,
speed limit adaptation and navigational support. The preferences for ADA systems have
been measured using conjoint analysis techniques. Drivers of cars and trucks throughout
Europe have been questioned about the overall attractiveness regarding several alternative
ADAS. Alternative systems were presented based on their...The introduction of electronic Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road vehicles
is expected to improve traffic efficiency and safety significantly. As such, public policy
makers are increasingly interested in the implementation possibilities of these systems.
Successful...Vincent Marchau, Marion Wiethoff, Merja Penttinen, Eric Molin -
The purpose of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is that driver error will be reduced or even eliminated, and efficiency in traffic and transport is enhanced. The benefits of ADAS implementations are potentially considerable because of a significant decrease in human suffering, economical cost and pollution. However, there are also potential problems to be expected, since the task of driving a ordinary motor vehicle is changing in nature, in the direction of supervising a (partly) automated moving vehicle.
The purpose of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is that driver error will be reduced or even eliminated, and efficiency in traffic and transport is enhanced. The benefits of ADAS implementations are potentially considerable because of a significant decrease in human suffering, economical cost and pollution. However, there are also potential problems to be expected, since the task of driving a ordinary motor vehicle is changing in nature, in the direction of supervising a (partly) automated moving vehicle.
The purpose of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is that driver error will be reduced or even eliminated, and efficiency in traffic and transport is enhanced. The benefits of ADAS implementations are potentially considerable because of a significant decrease in human suffering,...
Karel A. Brookhuis, Dick de Waard, Wiel H. Janssen -
The introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road traffic induces many complex questions. One of them is whether or not present legislation frameworks are able to accommodate a smooth development and market implementation of ADAS. This is strongly related to the aspect of traffic safety. The various aspects related to this issue are categorised based on an exploration of the functionality and possible failure of ADAS. Next, some problem categories are more in-depth elaborated. In particular attention is paid to the need for establishing safety requirements to the design and marketing of ADAS as well as the issue of liability regulation. It is concluded that decision making on safety requirements mainly takes place at an international level. However, so far hardly any requirements regarding ADAS have been laid down in compulsory rules yet. It is further concluded that current legal frameworks in both the fields of vehicle safety standards and liability provide for (some) flexibility towards technical developments regarding ADAS, i.e. these frameworks do not contain many ‘hard rules’ obstructing the introduction of ADAS. Concerning the safety regulation of ADAS it is argued that the speed of technological developments and the innovative and specific nature of ADAS technology generate various tensions. These tensions should have consequences for the weight that is put on public and private intervention mechanisms and the relation between preventive safety standards and reactive regimes such as product liability and post-market controls.
The introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road traffic induces many complex questions. One of them is whether or not present legislation frameworks are able to accommodate a smooth development and market implementation of ADAS. This is strongly related to the aspect of traffic safety. The various aspects related to this issue are categorised based on an exploration of the functionality and possible failure of ADAS. Next, some problem categories are more in-depth elaborated. In particular attention is paid to the need for establishing safety requirements to the design and marketing of ADAS as well as the issue of liability regulation. It is concluded that decision making on safety requirements mainly takes place at an international level. However, so far hardly any requirements regarding ADAS have been laid down in compulsory rules yet. It is further concluded that current legal frameworks in both the fields of vehicle safety standards and liability provide...
The introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road traffic induces many complex questions. One of them is whether or not present legislation frameworks are able to accommodate a smooth development and market implementation of ADAS. This is strongly related to the aspect of...
Rob van der Heijden, Kiliaan van Wees -
The introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road traffic induces many complex questions. One of them is whether or not present legislation frameworks are able to accommodate a smooth development and market implementation of ADAS. This is strongly related to the aspect of traffic safety. The various aspects related to this issue are categorised based on an exploration of the functionality and possible failure of ADAS. Next, some problem categories are more in-depth elaborated. In particular attention is paid to the need for establishing safety requirements to the design and marketing of ADAS as well as the issue of liability regulation. It is concluded that decision making on safety requirements mainly takes place at an international level. However, so far hardly any requirements regarding ADAS have been laid down in compulsory rules yet. It is further concluded that current legal frameworks in both the fields of vehicle safety standards and liability provide for (some) flexibility towards technical developments regarding ADAS, i.e. these frameworks do not contain many ‘hard rules’ obstructing the introduction of ADAS. Concerning the safety regulation of ADAS it is argued that the speed of technological developments and the innovative and specific nature of ADAS technology generate various tensions. These tensions should have consequences for the weight that is put on public and private intervention mechanisms and the relation between preventive safety standards and reactive regimes such as product liability and post-market controls.
The introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road traffic induces many complex questions. One of them is whether or not present legislation frameworks are able to accommodate a smooth development and market implementation of ADAS. This is strongly related to the aspect of traffic safety. The various aspects related to this issue are categorised based on an exploration of the functionality and possible failure of ADAS. Next, some problem categories are more in-depth elaborated. In particular attention is paid to the need for establishing safety requirements to the design and marketing of ADAS as well as the issue of liability regulation. It is concluded that decision making on safety requirements mainly takes place at an international level. However, so far hardly any requirements regarding ADAS have been laid down in compulsory rules yet. It is further concluded that current legal frameworks in both the fields of vehicle safety standards and liability provide...
The introduction of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in road traffic induces many complex questions. One of them is whether or not present legislation frameworks are able to accommodate a smooth development and market implementation of ADAS. This is strongly related to the aspect of...
Rob van der Heijden, Kiliaan van Wees309-326