Virtues of Proximity

The Coordinated Spatial Action of Community Land Trusts

Authors

  • Gabriel Cuéllar University of Minnesota
  • Athar Mufreh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7480/footprint.15.2.5391

Abstract

Whereas real estate-driven development tends to invest in singular and concentrated sites, resident-led development thrives in scattered patterns. The properties of community land trusts (CLTs) — one of the foremost models of resident-led development whereby land is claimed and used by a community without landlords — are almost always dispersed in a context where every property line is a potential obstacle to development. What these populist landholdings lack in terms of economy of scale is compensated for by virtues of proximity. This article examines the historic phenomena of property scattering and spatial patterns of CLTs across the US, articulating the possibility of designing patterns of scattered landholdings that support the values of resident-led development.

Author Biographies

Gabriel Cuéllar, University of Minnesota

Gabriel Andrés Cuéllar is an architect and educator. Gabriel completed studies in architecture and urban design at Carnegie-Mellon University and the Berlage Institute. Prior to establishing Cadaster, a design practice with Athar Mufreh, he worked in the offices of Gramazio & Kohler, Philippe Rahm, Anne Holtrop, CDR Studio and Enter Architecture. Gabriel has contributed to exhibitions in the Canadian Centre for Architecture, the Netherlands Architecture Institute, the House of World Cultures, The New School Parsons School of Design, and the University of Michigan. Gabriel is a member of NOMA, The Architecture Lobby, and AIA. He was the Oberdick Fellow at the University of Michigan in 2018–19 and is currently an Assistant Professor-in-Practice at the University of Minnesota School of Architecture. His interests include the spatial implications of real property and architecture’s role in mediating claims to land.

Athar Mufreh

Athar Mufreh is a designer, urbanist, and educator. She received a Bachelor of Architecture from Birzeit University and Master of Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design from Stuttgart University and Ain Shams University. Athar worked as a designer and researcher at the Storefront for Art and Architecture, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees, Decolonizing Architecture Art Residency, and the Bethlehem Centre for Cultural Heritage Preservation. In 2018–19 she was a lecturer at the University of Michigan Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. At present, Athar is a lecturer at the University of Minnesota School of Architecture. She is focused on multi-generational housing, kinship relations mediated by ecology, and emerging modes of citizenship.

References

Hogan, James, Scattered-Site Housing: Characteristics and Consequences, accessible at https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/pubasst/scatter.html (1996).

Homeless Policy Research Institute, “Outcomes in Single-Site and Scattered-Site Permanent Supportive Housing,” accessible at https://socialinnovation.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Scattered-vs.-Single-Site-PSH-Literature-Review.pdf (April 2019).

Bendix Anderson, “Developers Help Fill Pressing Need With Scattered-Site Affordable Housing,” accessible at https://www.multifamilyexecutive.com/design-development/developers-help-fill-pressing-need-with-scattered-site-affordable-housing_o (September 4 2017).

Smith, Henry, “Semicommon Property Rights and Scattering in the Open Fields,” The Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1 (January 2000). 131–169.

Smith, Everett G. Jr., “Fragmented Farms in the United States,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Vol. 65, No. 1 (March 1975). 58–70.

King, Russell and Steve Burton, “Land Fragmentation: notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem,” Progress in Human Geography, Vol. 6, No. 4 (December 1982). 475–494.

Quiggin, John, “Scattered Landholdings in Common Property Systems,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 9 (1988). 187–201.

Arnold, Zachary C.M., “Against the Tide: Connecticut Oystering, Hybrid Property, and the Survival of the Commons,” The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 124, No. 4 (Jan-Feb 2015). 1206–1250.

Davis, John Emmeus, “Origins and Evolution of the Community Land Trust in the United States,” accessible at https://community-wealth.org/content/origins-and-evolution-community-land-trust-united-states (2014).

Rose, Samuel W., “A New Way Forward: Native Nations, Nonprofitzation, Community Land Trusts, and the Indigenous Shadow State,” Nonprofit Policy Forum, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2011).

DeFilippis, James, Olivia R. Williams, Joseph Pierce, Deborah G. Martin, Rich Kruger, and Azadeh Hadizadeh Esfahani, “On the Transformative Potential of Community Land Trusts in the United States,” Antipode, Vol. 51, No. 3 (2019). 795–817.

Kruger, Richard, JamesDeFilippis, Olivia R. Williams, Joseph Pierce, Deborah G. Martin, Rich Kruger, and Azadeh Hadizadeh Esfahani, “The Production of Community in Community Land Trusts,” City & Community, Vol. 19, No. 3 (September 2020). 638-655.

White, Kirby, “Community Land Trusts Open the Door to Affordable Housing,” National Association of Realtors Common Ground (Winter 2013), https://www.nar.realtor/smart_growth.nsf/Pages/ocg_winter2003_community_trusts, accessed 31 October 2020.

Emily Thaden and Kim Graziani and Annie Stup, “Land Banks and Community Land Trusts: Not Synonyms or Antonyms. Complements,” Shelterforce (9 November 2016), https://shelterforce.org/2016/11/09/land-banks-community-land-trusts-not-synonyms-or-antonyms-complements/, accessed 31 October 2020.

Downloads

Published

2022-05-31