The Spatial Extensions of the Right to Seek Asylum

The Eastern Mediterranean Refugee Route

Authors

  • Melina Philippou MIT

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7480/footprint.14.2.4486

Abstract

Abstract:

The spatial extensions of the right to seek asylum is a project to investigate the first response of the European mainland to the humanitarian refugee crisis of 2015 through critical mapping. The site of exploration is the Eastern Mediterranean Route (EMR), a passage expanding from Greece to Germany through the Balkans, used for many years as an entry path into Europe. During the first quarter of 2015, the European Union temporarily formalised the EMR. It was the first time after the Second World War that Europe addressed statelessness in its territory. This essay discusses the spatial articulations of the EMR political reality through the analytical frame of the ethics of admissions. It unfolds its institutional geography, infrastructure, programme, and strategies and unveils the EMR territory as a transnational space of exception with its own rules and principles.

Keywords:

Syrian Refugee Crisis, Eastern Mediterranean Route, Ethics of Admissions, Critical Cartography, Border Management, Camp

Author Biography

Melina Philippou, MIT

Melina Philippou is an urban designer and researcher whose work explores the agency of spatial practices in the context of forced displacement. She is the programme director of the Future Heritage Lab (FHL) at the School of Architecture and Planning of MIT. She holds a degree in architecture from the National Technical University of Athens and a Master of Science in Urbanism from MIT as a Fulbright scholar.

References

"Four EU States Refuse Migrant Quotas amid ‘biggest Challenge’ in Union’s History." Deutsche Welle, September 11, 2015. Accessed May, 2020, https://www.dw.com/en/four-eu-states-refuse-migrant-quotas-amid-biggest-challenge-in-unions-history/a-18708760.

"Hackitectura - Critical Cartography of Gibraltar." AntiAtlas of Borders (blog). August 14, 2013. Accessed July 8. https://www.antiatlas.net

"Macedonia Shuts Border to Migrants." BBC News, March 9, 2016, sec. Europe. https://www.bbc.com

"Mapping Conflict with Teddy Cruz and Fonna Forman." Master of International Cooperation Sustainable Emergency Architecture (blog). Accessed July 8, 2020. http://masteremergencyarchitecture.com

"Regulation (EU)No 604/2013." Official Journal of the European Union, June 26, 2013, L180/31.

"The Left-to-Die Boat." Forensic Architecture.n.d. Accessed July 8, 2020. https://forensic-architecture.org/

“EU-Turkey Statement, 18 March 2016.” Accessed July 7, 2020. http://www.consilium.europa.eu

Agamben, Giorgio. "What is an Apparatus?" In What is an Apparatus? And Other Essays. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.

Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Calif: Stanford University Press, 1998.

Agamben, Giorgio. The Omnibus Homo Sacer, 140-144. Meridian:Crossing Aesthetics, 2017.

Agier, Michel. On the Margins of the World: The Refugee Experience Today. 1 edition. Cambridge, UK ; Malden, MA: Polity, 2008.

Amnesty International. “Refugee Crisis: Balkans Border Blocks Leave Thousands Stranded.” Accessed July 5, 2020. https://www.amnesty.org

Arendt, Hannah, and Margaret Canovan. The Human Condition: Second Edition. 2nd Revised edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Asylum Information Database Reports, Asylum Information Database. Accessed July 7, 2020. https://www.asylumineurope.org/reports

Benhabib, Seyla. The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents, and Citizens, 1st Edition edition. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Boed, Roman. "The State of the Right of Asylum in International Law." Duke Journal of Comparative International Law, 5 (1994): 1-34.

Deleuze, Gilles. Postscript on the Societies of Control, 59 (October 1992): 3-7. Accessed July 6, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/778828

Dimishkovski, Aleksandar. "Macedonian Police Clash With Migrants on Border With Greece." The New York Times, August 21, 2015. Accessed January 29, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com.

Frontex Risk Analysis Unit, "Frontex risk analysis quarterly." Q4/2015 - Q1/2016 , Warsaw: OPOCE, 2016.

Global Detention Project, Country Profiles, Mapping Immigration Detention around the World. Accessed July 5, 2020. https://www.globaldetentionproject.org/

İlke, Toygür and Bianca Benvenuti. The European response to the refugee crisis: Angela Merkel on the move. Istanbul Policy Center-Sabancı University-Stiftung Mercator Initiative, 2016.

Marcus, George E. "Ethnography In/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography." Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (1995): 95-117.

Parekh, Serena. "Refugees and the Ethics of Forced Displacement." Routledge Research in Applied Ethics 2, 51-82. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

Perkins, Chris. "Cartography – cultures of mapping: Power in practice." Progress in Human Geography 28 (2004): 381-91.

Tageskontingent: Bei 80 Asylanträgen an Südgrenze ist Schluss, der Standard, 17. February 2016. Accessed July 9, 2020. https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000031300773/oesterreich-laesst-maximal-3-200-taeglich-ueber-die-grenze

The Refugee Project. Accessed October 16, 2019. https://www.therefugeeproject.org/.

UNHCR. "Field Information and Coordination Support Section (FICSS)." UNHCR Historical Refugee Data. Accessed October 15, 2019. http://data.unhcr.org/dataviz/

UNHCR. "Greece Factsheet (January 1 - May 31 2016)." Accessed May, 2020. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/49602

UNHCR. "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia As a Country of Asylum." Accessed January 29, 2020. https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/55c9c70e4.pdf .

UNHCR. "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia As a Country of Asylum." Accessed January 29, 2020.

https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/55c9c70e4.pdf

Wellman, Christopher Heath. "Immigration and Freedom of Association." Ethics 119, no. 1 (2008): 109-41.

Downloads

Published

2021-02-23