History of Aesthetic Control Management in Planning System, The Case of Turkey

Authors

  • Azadeh Rezafar azadehrezafar@arel.edu.tr
  • Sevkiye Sence Turk Istanbul Technical University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7480/iphs.2016.6.1327

Abstract

History
Aesthetic Control
Regulations
Turkey
Urban Planning
Abstract: Abstract

Urban aesthetics is a complex subject in which the city needs to be evaluated beyond its physical characteristics. While the urban planning and design effects on the physical health of human, the city aesthetic effects on the human’s mental health. Aesthetic in urban areas has defined as beauty and the reflections of the beauty on the emotions of human. It is therefore perhaps surprising that the word "design, aesthetic" is not to be found in the Planning Acts. Why the aesthetic control managing in urban planning is unclear?. While contemporary planning theorists largely ignore the aesthetic issues, aesthetics and urban design have recently gained a central position within the practice of urban planning in all post-industrial countries.

Actually design controls trace back in time to early settlement zoning but legalization of aesthetic control and its codifying attempts is not too old. The reason of this delay was skepticism approach of the courts to this issue. Because of individual property aspect of aesthetic control, many courts believed that nobody must deprive using of its own property. Aesthetic was considered as a luxury not necessity (Garvin & Leroy, 2003). As well as, too subjective issue of aesthetic didn’t need to be the basis of valid regulation in urban planning until 1930. By the time the law began to change and a few jurisdictions moved to accept aesthetic regulations for the reasons of public health, protection of property values, promotion of tourism and traffic. At the middle of 20 century, aesthetic regulations got place in the scope of general welfare and over time a majority of states allow design review based solely on aesthetic considerations. Zoning solely for aesthetic purposes is an idea, which its time has come and it is not outside the scope of the police power.

As the construction market plays a substantial role in Turkey, and the country deserves to be an international logistics base with its location right between Europe, Middle East, Asia and Africa new attempts have done in order to deserve its location by enacting laws based on aesthetic issues. Turkey’s planning system has changed under the influential of European countries during the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century until the influences of American by Marshall Aid at 1950-1980 (Ayataç, 2007). Aesthetic has had an important position in all these planning systems and regulations directly or indirectly.
In this article aesthetic programming according to Turkish urban planning system will be researched and regulations in connection with aesthetic issues will be evaluated.

References:

Garvin, E., A., Leroy, G., S., ‘Design Guidelines: The Law of Aesthetic Controls’, Land Use Law and Zoning Digest, April 2003, PP: 3-12
Ayataç, H.,‘The International Diffusion of Planning Ideas: The Case of Istanbul, Turkey’, JOURNAL OF PLANNING HISTORY / 2007, PP: 1-24

Author Biography

Azadeh Rezafar, azadehrezafar@arel.edu.tr

Istanbul Technical University

References

Ataöv, Anıl. Osman, Sevin. Türkiye’de Kentsel Dönüşüme Yöntemsel Bir Yaklaşım. METU JFA 24(2), 2007.

Ayataç, Hatiçe. Planlama Sürecinde Kentsel Tasarımın Yeri ve Rolünün Tanımlanması için Bir Yöntem Denemesi, Örnekleme alanı Türkiye, Unpublished Phd Thesis, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 2000.

Ayataç, Hatiçe. The International Diffusion of Planning Ideas: The Case of Istanbul, Turkey, Journal Of Planning History 6 (2007):114-136, accessed May 28, 2016, doi: 10.1177/1538513206297733

Ayataç, Hatiçe. Influence of International Planning Ideas on Istanbul’s Urban Fabric, 14th IPHS Conference (2010): 1-13, accessed May 28, 2016, http://www.iphs2010.com/fullpaper.html

Beer, Chris. The Contingent Public Value of ‘Good Design’: Regulating the Aesthetics of the Australian Urban Built Environment, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 73 (2) (2014):282–290, accessed May 28, 2016, doi: 10.1111/1467-8500.12077

Edward, H., Ziegler, jr, Aesthetics In Ohio Land Use Law: Preserving Beauty In The Parlor And Keeping Pigs In The Barnyard, Akron Law Review19: I (1985):1-33, accessed June 15, 2015, https://www.uakron.edu/dotAsset/82eaa020-cb92-454d-a98e-2c01f6e132e3.pdf

Erman, Tahire. The politics of squatter (gecekondu) studies in Turkey: The changing representations of rural migrants in the academic discourse, Urban Studies 38(7) (2001):983-1002, accessed May 28, 2016, doi: 10.1080/00420980120080131

Freestone, Robert. Urban Nation: Australia’s planning heritage, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, 2010.

Nasar Jack L., Urban design aesthetics, the evaluative qualities of building exteriors, Environment and Behavior 26 (3), 1994.

Norton Theodore M., ‘police power, planning and aesthetics’, Santa Clara Lawyer 7(1967):171-187.

Garvin Elizabeth A. and Leroy Glen S.. Design Guidelines: The Law of Aesthetic Controls, Land Use Law and Zoning Digest (2003): 3-12, accessed May 28, 2016, doi:10.1080/00947598.2003.10394545.

Günay Zeynep and Koramaz T Kerem and Ozuekren A Sule, From squatter upgrading to large-scale renewal programmes: housing renewal in Turkey, Renewing Europe’s Housing (2015): 215-244. accessed April 20, 2016, https://www.academia.edu/17752344/From_squatter_upgrading_to_large-scale_renewal_programmes_Housing_renewal_in_Turkey

Güzey Özlem, Urban regeneration and increased competitive power: Ankara in an era of globalization, Cities 26, 2009.

Karakaya Emel, Construction of the Republic in City Space: From Political Ideal to Urban Planning Principles, Msc. Thesis in Urban Design, Department of City and Regional Planning, Middle East Technical University (2010):50-100, accessed May 28, 2016https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612489/index.pdf.

Kayasü Serap and Yetişkul Emine, Evolving Legal and Institutional Frameworks of Neoliberal Urban Policies in Turkey, METU/JFA 31(2) (2014): 209-222, accessed May 28, 2016, doi: 10.4305

Köktürk, Erdal. Türkiye’de gecekondu ve imar affı üzerine bir inceleme (An examination on squatters and legalization in Turkey, Jeodezi, Jeoinformasyon ve Arazi Yönetimi Dergisi 89 82003, 2003.

Özcan Koray, Tanzimat’in Kent Reformlari: Türk İmar Sisteminin Kuruluş Sürecinde Erkenplânlama Deneyimleri (1839–1908)’, Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları VII/2 (2006): 150-180, accessed April 12, 2016, http://www.journals.istanbul.edu.tr/iuoba/article/viewFile/1023010949/1023010187

Özkan H Aysun and Turk Ş Şence, Emergence, Formation and outcomes of flexibility in Turkish Planning practice, İnternational Development planning Review38, 2016.

Öztürk Fatma P. and Çıracı Hale, The Planning History of Turkey: Policies, Practices, Breakdowns, 14th IPHS Conference(2010):1-9, accessed May 28, 2016, http://www.iphs2010.com/fullpaper.html

Raker Lynn, Module 8. Aesthetic Regulations, NCAP A Citizen Planner Training Program (1999):1-8. accessed June 15, 2015, http://apa-nc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Aesthetic-Regulations.pdf

Tekeli İlhan, Lessons to Turkey’s Urbanization Experience,’ 4th Merih Celasun Memorial Day, Tepav (2014):1-20. accessed Mart 28, 2016, http://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1456399342-2.Lessons_from_Turkey___s_Urbanization_Experience.pdf

Turk Ş. Şence, Land Readjustment Experience in Turkey, Urban Legal Case Studies 3, UN-HABITAT, United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2014.

Unal Yücel, An examination of Turkish planning and development legal sources by focussing on the urban regeneration and earthquake (Türk Şehir Planlama ve İmar Mevzuatının Kentsel Dönüşüm ve Deprem Ağırlıklı İncelenmesi)’, Yetkin Kitabevi, 2008.

Unsal Fatma,Critical evaluation of legal and institutional context of urban planning in Turkey: The case of Istanbul, PLPR Conference, Aalborg, Denmark, 2009.

Varraki George R. and Campbell Marcia C., Balancing Different Interests in Aesthetic Controls, Journal of Planning Education and Research 20 (2000):163-175, accessed May 28, 2016, doi: 10.1177/0739456X0002000203.

Wood David M. and Abe Kiyoshi, The Aesthetics of Control: Mega-Event and Urban Governance in Japan’, Urban Studies 48(15) (2011): 3241-3258, accessed May 28, 2016, doi:10.1177/004209811422394.

Yönder, Ayşe. ‘Implications of double standards in housing policy: development of informal settlements in Istanbul, Turkey, In: E. Fernandes and A. Varley (Eds), Illegal Cities, New York, Zed Books, 1998.

legislative information system, Construction Law No.3194, http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/Metin.Aspx?MevzuatKod=1.5.3194&MevzuatIliski=0&sourceXmlSearch

Official Newspaper, Law No. 6306 on Restructuring of Areas Under Risk of Natural Disasters, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/05/20120531-1.htm

Official Newspaper, Special Provincial Administrations Law no.5302, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/03/20050304-1.htm

Republic of Turkey, Minictry of Environment and Urban, The Metropolitan Municipality Law no.3030, https://www.csb.gov.tr/turkce/index.php?Sayfa=sayfa&Tur=mevzuat&Id=98

Downloads

Published

2016-06-30

How to Cite

Rezafar, A., & Turk, S. S. (2016). History of Aesthetic Control Management in Planning System, The Case of Turkey. International Planning History Society Proceedings, 17(6), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.7480/iphs.2016.6.1327