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Editorial
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This publication is part of an academic collaboration initiative between the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Delft University of Technology. It seeks to reflect on the development of alternative housing production models that have arisen in response to social, economic and political changes in both contexts. Although these experiences have followed different paths and have had different results, they share a common denominator: the search for alternative housing models that are collaborative, affordable and have the potential for regenerating urban neighbourhoods. We argue that housing that is produced in a collaborative way satisfies specific demands of the community, which have not been fittingly addressed by the dominant housing production models, both in the Chilean and European contexts. The answer to these needs has not been found in the institutions, but in the capacities of the residents who have self-organized and deliberately decided to develop models of collective living.
This publication is part of an academic collaboration initiative between the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Delft University of Technology. It seeks to reflect on the development of alternative housing production models that have arisen in response to social, economic and political changes in both contexts. Although these experiences have followed different paths and have had different results, they share a common denominator: the search for alternative housing models that are collaborative, affordable and have the potential for regenerating urban neighbourhoods. We argue that housing that is produced in a collaborative way satisfies specific demands of the community, which have not been fittingly addressed by the dominant housing production models, both in the Chilean and European contexts. The answer to these needs has not been found in the institutions, but in the capacities of the residents who have self-organized and deliberately decided to develop models of...
This publication is part of an academic collaboration initiative between the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and Delft University of Technology. It seeks to reflect on the development of alternative housing production models that have arisen in response to social, economic and...
Articles
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As an introduction, this chapter explains the main differences and convergences in the context of housing provision between Chilean and European cities. The chapter describes moments of housing provided by the Welfare States and moments in which housing rights are subject of major financialization. Here, the text describes what this publication wants to highlight: ‘the culture’ of the collective in housing provision. Despite the different traditions and cultural contexts in cities in the north and in the south, the core question remains the same: how do the inhabitants in the city agree on the way they want to live?
As an introduction, this chapter explains the main differences and convergences in the context of housing provision between Chilean and European cities. The chapter describes moments of housing provided by the Welfare States and moments in which housing rights are subject of major financialization. Here, the text describes what this publication wants to highlight: ‘the culture’ of the collective in housing provision. Despite the different traditions and cultural contexts in cities in the north and in the south, the core question remains the same: how do the inhabitants in the city agree on the way they want to live?
As an introduction, this chapter explains the main differences and convergences in the context of housing provision between Chilean and European cities. The chapter describes moments of housing provided by the Welfare States and moments in which housing rights are subject of major...
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This chapter briefly reflects on European social housing models and mainly discusses opportunities for housing cooperatives in the Dutch housing system. Since the introduction of the new Housing Act in 2015 in the Netherlands, there are legal opportunities for social housing tenants to form cooperatives. However, in practice, this does not happen a lot yet. From our analysis of the Dutch housing systems it is concluded that it is unlikely that it will take place on a larger scale, among others due to a lack of tradition (path dependency) and support from housing corporations – the main owners of social housing in the Netherlands.
This chapter briefly reflects on European social housing models and mainly discusses opportunities for housing cooperatives in the Dutch housing system. Since the introduction of the new Housing Act in 2015 in the Netherlands, there are legal opportunities for social housing tenants to form cooperatives. However, in practice, this does not happen a lot yet. From our analysis of the Dutch housing systems it is concluded that it is unlikely that it will take place on a larger scale, among others due to a lack of tradition (path dependency) and support from housing corporations – the main owners of social housing in the Netherlands.
This chapter briefly reflects on European social housing models and mainly discusses opportunities for housing cooperatives in the Dutch housing system. Since the introduction of the new Housing Act in 2015 in the Netherlands, there are legal opportunities for social housing tenants to form...
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Against the backdrop of the current housing crisis, Europe has seen the (re)emergence of collectively self-organised housing projects. Collaborative housing stands as an umbrella term for the wide range of these housing forms, where groups of residents collectively design, develop and inhabit housing. This chapter provides a brief characterization of the motives underlying these new types of housing forms, and lays out challenges and opportunities that these projects entail. In doing so, it applies the concept of co-production, which signals a new paradigm in the way of conceiving the relationship between residents and professionals in housing provision.
Against the backdrop of the current housing crisis, Europe has seen the (re)emergence of collectively self-organised housing projects. Collaborative housing stands as an umbrella term for the wide range of these housing forms, where groups of residents collectively design, develop and inhabit housing. This chapter provides a brief characterization of the motives underlying these new types of housing forms, and lays out challenges and opportunities that these projects entail. In doing so, it applies the concept of co-production, which signals a new paradigm in the way of conceiving the relationship between residents and professionals in housing provision.
Against the backdrop of the current housing crisis, Europe has seen the (re)emergence of collectively self-organised housing projects. Collaborative housing stands as an umbrella term for the wide range of these housing forms, where groups of residents collectively design, develop and inhabit...
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Collective habitat has been part of the housing history in Chile through the poor inhabitant's incursion in the city since more than one century. First, as round rooms, ‘cites’ and ‘conventillos’, and afterwards as ‘colectivos’. Later in informal settlements that evolved into self-organised and self-built neighbourhoods. During the last decades, in social condominiums. This form of co-habitation has adopted different shapes according to their historical moment, the spatial configuration of the places that inhabitants stayed or co-produced, the social and/or political organisation, the political and institutional context in which they were subscribed. Ones better than others were simultaneously embracing and configuring a specific model of habitat in which the base of ‘the collective’ is the historical memory, the tradition of organisation, and the parental and neighbours’ networks. Today, these collective ways of living remain in our cities opening paths for their consideration in programmes and projects of collective inhabit in the country.
Collective habitat has been part of the housing history in Chile through the poor inhabitant's incursion in the city since more than one century. First, as round rooms, ‘cites’ and ‘conventillos’, and afterwards as ‘colectivos’. Later in informal settlements that evolved into self-organised and self-built neighbourhoods. During the last decades, in social condominiums. This form of co-habitation has adopted different shapes according to their historical moment, the spatial configuration of the places that inhabitants stayed or co-produced, the social and/or political organisation, the political and institutional context in which they were subscribed. Ones better than others were simultaneously embracing and configuring a specific model of habitat in which the base of ‘the collective’ is the historical memory, the tradition of organisation, and the parental and neighbours’ networks. Today, these collective ways of living remain in our cities opening paths for...
Collective habitat has been part of the housing history in Chile through the poor inhabitant's incursion in the city since more than one century. First, as round rooms, ‘cites’ and ‘conventillos’, and afterwards as ‘colectivos’. Later in informal settlements that evolved into...
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The neighbourhoods 9X18 emerged from a housing policy promoted in the 60s in Chile. They represent today a particular way of collective habitat in relation to their neighbourhood scale and to the interior of each plot. They are territories constituted and built by familiar and community networks. In Santiago, they are 466 neighbourhoods, and 216.000 lots between 160 and 250 m2, with a 38% of public space surface and an excellent pericentral location. Here, there is a lot to observe, learn and protect; and a tremendous potential that needs to be explored and imagined from the understanding of their physical and immaterial patrimony and their opportunities for human-scale densification.
The neighbourhoods 9X18 emerged from a housing policy promoted in the 60s in Chile. They represent today a particular way of collective habitat in relation to their neighbourhood scale and to the interior of each plot. They are territories constituted and built by familiar and community networks. In Santiago, they are 466 neighbourhoods, and 216.000 lots between 160 and 250 m2, with a 38% of public space surface and an excellent pericentral location. Here, there is a lot to observe, learn and protect; and a tremendous potential that needs to be explored and imagined from the understanding of their physical and immaterial patrimony and their opportunities for human-scale densification.
The neighbourhoods 9X18 emerged from a housing policy promoted in the 60s in Chile. They represent today a particular way of collective habitat in relation to their neighbourhood scale and to the interior of each plot. They are territories constituted and built by familiar and community...
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The ‘International Workshop 9 x 18. Imagining housing renewal in deprived areas’, is presented as a synthetic experience of diagnosis, analysis, proposal, and reflection on the challenges of regeneration of vulnerable urban neighborhoods, which are triggered from collective housing projects. Its structure, principles, and methodologies are born from the accumulated experience of the course 9 x 18, design module of the School of Architecture of the Catholic University of Chile, complemented with the knowledge and experience of the teaching team of the University of TU Delft. The Workshop was held on November 2017 in Santiago, Chile in Las Palmas neighborhood of Central Station.
The ‘International Workshop 9 x 18. Imagining housing renewal in deprived areas’, is presented as a synthetic experience of diagnosis, analysis, proposal, and reflection on the challenges of regeneration of vulnerable urban neighborhoods, which are triggered from collective housing projects. Its structure, principles, and methodologies are born from the accumulated experience of the course 9 x 18, design module of the School of Architecture of the Catholic University of Chile, complemented with the knowledge and experience of the teaching team of the University of TU Delft. The Workshop was held on November 2017 in Santiago, Chile in Las Palmas neighborhood of Central Station.
The ‘International Workshop 9 x 18. Imagining housing renewal in deprived areas’, is presented as a synthetic experience of diagnosis, analysis, proposal, and reflection on the challenges of regeneration of vulnerable urban neighborhoods, which are triggered from collective housing...
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The extension of Santiago’s metro line towards pericentral neighbouhods of social housing in 9x18 lots entails a process of densification and gentrification with the challenge of planning urban regeneration with territorial equity and social integration principles. This requires private/public management and investment at national, district and neighbourhood scale, that approaches to the neighbourhood improvement with maximum standards and high-quality densification that guarantee the permanence of current residents. In this chapter, measures for the development of public space and sustainable mobility are proposed, as well for the rehabilitation and construction of housing for homeowners, extended-households and new residents.
The extension of Santiago’s metro line towards pericentral neighbouhods of social housing in 9x18 lots entails a process of densification and gentrification with the challenge of planning urban regeneration with territorial equity and social integration principles. This requires private/public management and investment at national, district and neighbourhood scale, that approaches to the neighbourhood improvement with maximum standards and high-quality densification that guarantee the permanence of current residents. In this chapter, measures for the development of public space and sustainable mobility are proposed, as well for the rehabilitation and construction of housing for homeowners, extended-households and new residents.
The extension of Santiago’s metro line towards pericentral neighbouhods of social housing in 9x18 lots entails a process of densification and gentrification with the challenge of planning urban regeneration with territorial equity and social integration principles. This requires...
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Extended- household, as a social phenomenon, depends on the value of relationships of support and dependence among the members of a community. When this collaborative relationship occurs between residents of the same dwelling, it is then understood as a situation of co-residence. In the case of Santiago de Chile, the Extended - household phenomenon has increased by 610%. Data shows that families prefer to sacrifice conditions of habitability, privacy and security to maintain networks of support, location and access to urban goods, rather than migrating to the periphery as homeowners. It is urgent to generate mechanisms that recognize the needs and preferences of those who make up this “chronic” housing deficit, which is shown today as a form of fragile resistance to socio-spatial segregation.
Extended- household, as a social phenomenon, depends on the value of relationships of support and dependence among the members of a community. When this collaborative relationship occurs between residents of the same dwelling, it is then understood as a situation of co-residence. In the case of Santiago de Chile, the Extended - household phenomenon has increased by 610%. Data shows that families prefer to sacrifice conditions of habitability, privacy and security to maintain networks of support, location and access to urban goods, rather than migrating to the periphery as homeowners. It is urgent to generate mechanisms that recognize the needs and preferences of those who make up this “chronic” housing deficit, which is shown today as a form of fragile resistance to socio-spatial segregation.
Extended- household, as a social phenomenon, depends on the value of relationships of support and dependence among the members of a community. When this collaborative relationship occurs between residents of the same dwelling, it is then understood as a situation of co-residence. In the case...
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The development of self-organised neighbourhoods positions the residents at the centre of the process. They organise themselves to plan, densify and subsequently manage their dwellings collectively. This chapter focuses on defining the type of management that accompanies the housing densification in condominium tenure, and the challenges related to the maintenance and administration of common property areas. Housing management is understood as a multidimensional process in which the correct performance of the condominium is defined by organisational, technical and sociocultural aspects. From the identification of challenges for the community and the institutions, this chapter reflects on the need for cross-sector collaboration and institutional support to ensure a sustainable long-term management.
The development of self-organised neighbourhoods positions the residents at the centre of the process. They organise themselves to plan, densify and subsequently manage their dwellings collectively. This chapter focuses on defining the type of management that accompanies the housing densification in condominium tenure, and the challenges related to the maintenance and administration of common property areas. Housing management is understood as a multidimensional process in which the correct performance of the condominium is defined by organisational, technical and sociocultural aspects. From the identification of challenges for the community and the institutions, this chapter reflects on the need for cross-sector collaboration and institutional support to ensure a sustainable long-term management.
The development of self-organised neighbourhoods positions the residents at the centre of the process. They organise themselves to plan, densify and subsequently manage their dwellings collectively. This chapter focuses on defining the type of management that accompanies the housing...
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In urban peripheral neighbourhoods, mobility is a right yet to be conquered. The residents have to face marginal conditions either in the ‘macroaccesibility’ that leads to long distances, as well as to the ‘microaccesibilty’ that develops in the proximal space and in daily life time. For this mobility, predominantly female, the most determinant factors are the quality, vitality, and along with it, the safety of the public space. It is precisely there where women have to negotiate their right to appropriate, use and transform the space. And they do it throughout the repetitive practice of walking, often under threat. This brings the challenge of thinking the proximal city with them: diverse, safe and well connected. To do so, the public space is the key.
In urban peripheral neighbourhoods, mobility is a right yet to be conquered. The residents have to face marginal conditions either in the ‘macroaccesibility’ that leads to long distances, as well as to the ‘microaccesibilty’ that develops in the proximal space and in daily life time. For this mobility, predominantly female, the most determinant factors are the quality, vitality, and along with it, the safety of the public space. It is precisely there where women have to negotiate their right to appropriate, use and transform the space. And they do it throughout the repetitive practice of walking, often under threat. This brings the challenge of thinking the proximal city with them: diverse, safe and well connected. To do so, the public space is the key.
In urban peripheral neighbourhoods, mobility is a right yet to be conquered. The residents have to face marginal conditions either in the ‘macroaccesibility’ that leads to long distances, as well as to the ‘microaccesibilty’ that develops in the proximal space and in daily life time....
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In the debate about public space in the urban regeneration of 9x18 neighbourhoods, it is relevant to follow the urban space definition that transits from one form of society to another. This definition is used by Swekes to describe neighbourhoods that were originally informal settlements, and then suffered transformations that were not sensitive to their previous public life. In 9x18 neighbourhoods, which were born from informal settlements as well, it is possible to recognise the coexistence of public spaces with patterns derived from their original collective life as well as other spaces that emerged from the subsequent governmental interventions. This chapter describes the characteristics of some concrete public and collective spaces, those which simultaneously give shelter to the collective life among people from the land invasions, and the public life of the neighbourhood that was built from new modernising interventions Keywords: Plot of land operation; peripheral urbanisations; public space, collective space; urban regeneration.
In the debate about public space in the urban regeneration of 9x18 neighbourhoods, it is relevant to follow the urban space definition that transits from one form of society to another. This definition is used by Swekes to describe neighbourhoods that were originally informal settlements, and then suffered transformations that were not sensitive to their previous public life. In 9x18 neighbourhoods, which were born from informal settlements as well, it is possible to recognise the coexistence of public spaces with patterns derived from their original collective life as well as other spaces that emerged from the subsequent governmental interventions. This chapter describes the characteristics of some concrete public and collective spaces, those which simultaneously give shelter to the collective life among people from the land invasions, and the public life of the neighbourhood that was built from new modernising interventions Keywords: Plot of land operation;...
In the debate about public space in the urban regeneration of 9x18 neighbourhoods, it is relevant to follow the urban space definition that transits from one form of society to another. This definition is used by Swekes to describe neighbourhoods that were originally informal settlements, and...
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We are facing a paradigm shift in the production of housing, and it is precisely in this transition where contexts as different as The Netherlands and Chile find a common denominator: the problem of affordability and general discontent in the face of a supply that is increasingly remote from the economic capacity and needs of people. Access to housing has become a scarce commodity. In a growing context of demands for the right to the city, the provision of affordable housing has become such a situation that it has promoted the inhabitants to position themselves as protagonists - seeking solutions that cope with the housing problem through collaborative processes. In Europe these processes have re-emerged as a reaffirmation of self-determination in response to the commodification and standardization of housing. However, in Chile the search has been more related to means of collaborative survival through the dynamics of allegamiento and self-organization in pericentral areas.
From this common point of departure, the initial chapters of the book identify collaborative processes, alternating experiences both in Chile and in Europe. The European case, reviewed from the Dutch social housing model and the re-emergence of collaborative housing models, provides three important points of reflection when traditional and consolidated systems face novel and emerging models. First, the opportunity that arises from the hybridization of both systems and cooperation among different actors. Second, the importance of having a cultural change, followed by regulatory frameworks, to ensure the implementation and subsequent massification of new models. Third, despite the legal and operational barriers, the European experience has shown that self-organized and self-managed models are possible, necessary and effective when housing demands have not been satisfy by the State nor by the market.
We are facing a paradigm shift in the production of housing, and it is precisely in this transition where contexts as different as The Netherlands and Chile find a common denominator: the problem of affordability and general discontent in the face of a supply that is increasingly remote from the economic capacity and needs of people. Access to housing has become a scarce commodity. In a growing context of demands for the right to the city, the provision of affordable housing has become such a situation that it has promoted the inhabitants to position themselves as protagonists - seeking solutions that cope with the housing problem through collaborative processes. In Europe these processes have re-emerged as a reaffirmation of self-determination in response to the commodification and standardization of housing. However, in Chile the search has been more related to means of collaborative survival through the dynamics of allegamiento and self-organization in pericentral areas....
We are facing a paradigm shift in the production of housing, and it is precisely in this transition where contexts as different as The Netherlands and Chile find a common denominator: the problem of affordability and general discontent in the face of a supply that is increasingly remote from...