Artikelen

• De reconstructie van een veertiende-eeuwse gevel van het Duitse Huis te Utrecht

  The medieval cloister complex the Theutonic House in Utrecht is situated on the west side of Springweg. From 1811 to 1990 a Military Hospital was established here. The basic principle of the restoration, which was started in 1993, was that the eastern gable of the 14th-century main building had to be restored.

  The information still available in the building itself made a reconstruction without guesswork possible, although the central government was not in favour of it. However, architect Aart Oosting decided to restore the fourteenth-century form, also because the articulation of the brickwork of the upper floor left little room for inventing something explicitly new that was not artificial.

  The effect of the new façade with its large staircases and daylight access for the upper-floor space, extending up to the roof, is completely in line with the wish to create a hall of great architectonic character. It was expressly decided, however, to paint the external plaster of the facade white, in harmony with the 'empire' finishing of the southern facade and the facades of the former dwelling of the land commanders.

  The light openings of the windows on the upper floor and the new windows on the ground floor obtained modern glazing. In this case the decisions in the scope of the restoration are the result of intensive building-historical research and a substantial contribution of the researcher during the many building meetings.

  The medieval cloister complex the Theutonic House in Utrecht is situated on the west side of Springweg. From 1811 to 1990 a Military Hospital was established here. The basic principle of the restoration, which was started in 1993, was that the eastern gable of the 14th-century main building had to be restored.

  The information still available in the building itself made a reconstruction without guesswork possible, although the central government was not in favour of it. However, architect Aart Oosting decided to restore the fourteenth-century form, also because the articulation of the brickwork of the upper floor left little room for inventing something explicitly new that was not artificial.

  The effect of the new façade with its large staircases and daylight access for the upper-floor space, extending up to the roof, is completely in line with the wish to create a hall of great architectonic character. It was expressly decided, however, to paint the external...

  The medieval cloister complex the Theutonic House in Utrecht is situated on the west side of Springweg. From 1811 to 1990 a Military Hospital was established here. The basic principle of the restoration, which was started in 1993, was that the eastern gable of the 14th-century main building...

  Bart J.M. Klück

  3-9

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• De restauraties van Jan de Meijer en A.A. Kok

  This article is a brief review of the restoration work of the architects Jan de Meijer and Antoon Abel Kok. Both architects worked in Amsterdam in the first half of the twentieth century. De Meijer and Kok each worked in their own way without adhering to the established restoration theories of the so called ‘Basic Principles’, published in 1917.

  Jan de Meijer mainly reconstructed early seventeenth-century Renaissance buildings which, according to him, had been mutilated by later refurbishments. The premises Oudezijds Voorburgwal 249 and 14 and Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 75 are examples of this. With his reconstructions he restored these buildings to an ideal seventeenth-century state. In his view the cross-bar windows and the proportions of these Renaissance buildings were the perfect expression of professional skill.

  Nevertheless De Meijer did not exclusively restore buildings to their original state. Singel 440 and Brouwersgracht 48 show that he, too, sometimes only executed repairs and practical alterations. De Meijer thought that the restoration question was too complicated to be solved by means of dogmas. It was important to him to ask himself the question what should be the approach to each individual restoration.

  His views on the traditional building methods, the idealisation of Renaissance buildings and the use of the cross-bow window saw to it that he did not adhere to the established restoration theories, but went his own way entirely. A.A. Kok also restored in his own individual way. Sometimes he only repaired, as in the case of Prinsengracht 2, and appeared to adhere completely to the Basic Principles and theories of Ruskin.

  In other cases, as in Kattegat 4-6, he restored the premises to their original state, abandoning the Basic Principles. Kok was a man with practical know-how; consequently, he looked at each building separately and for each building his point of view on the restoration in question was different. He preferred to take up a position halfway between the views on restoration of Ruskin and Viollet-le-Duc.

  If it was necessary to demolish part of a building and rebuild it, he carried this out as much as possible with old materials, so as to approach the original state as closely as possible. It was not just the beauty of the individual building that was important to Kok, but also the beauty of the city of Amsterdam. His restoration work should therefore be viewed in connection with the restoration of the city as a whole.

  A good building only needed repairs, a bad building had to be renewed and improved. So both architects did not adhere to fixed theories and dogmas, but considered each building separately. Kok and De Meijer show a restoration practice that was quite different from the restoration theories at the time. From a review of their work it appears that the restoration practice in the early twentieth century was more complicated as has long been assumed.

  This article is a brief review of the restoration work of the architects Jan de Meijer and Antoon Abel Kok. Both architects worked in Amsterdam in the first half of the twentieth century. De Meijer and Kok each worked in their own way without adhering to the established restoration theories of the so called ‘Basic Principles’, published in 1917.

  Jan de Meijer mainly reconstructed early seventeenth-century Renaissance buildings which, according to him, had been mutilated by later refurbishments. The premises Oudezijds Voorburgwal 249 and 14 and Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 75 are examples of this. With his reconstructions he restored these buildings to an ideal seventeenth-century state. In his view the cross-bar windows and the proportions of these Renaissance buildings were the perfect expression of professional skill.

  Nevertheless De Meijer did not exclusively restore buildings to their original state. Singel 440 and Brouwersgracht 48 show that he, too, sometimes...

  This article is a brief review of the restoration work of the architects Jan de Meijer and Antoon Abel Kok. Both architects worked in Amsterdam in the first half of the twentieth century. De Meijer and Kok each worked in their own way without adhering to the established restoration theories of...

  Mayke Haaksman

  10-21

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• Een nieuwe visie op de inrichting van de Salon van koningin Wilhelmina op Het Loo

  In the period 1977-1984 the Royal Palace Het Loo in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, was thoroughly restored into a museum, highlighting the late 17th-century phase in which King William III and Queen Mary II resided at Het Loo. The restoration of Het Loo was severely criticized. A walk was laid out through the approximately 40 rooms in the Palace which are open to the public.

  The main apartments were furnished in the style of the first main residents, the remaining rooms were devoted to the other members of the House of Oranje-Nassau, in chronological order. This implied that the rooms devoted to the last main resident, Queen Wilhelmina (1880-1962), were necessarily reconstructed in the rooms at the end of the visitors' route, which were not intended for that purpose originally.

  The wainscoting was retained, but all the movable parts of the interior were transferred to the new museum rooms. In principle, all the relocated rooms could be rebuilt again in their original places, but the financial situation does not permit this. However, it is possible to change the existing furnishing of the 19th-century rooms in order to create a more authentic image.

  Recently the drawing room of Queen Wilhelmina was refurnished with authentic interior components from the depots of Palace Het Loo. The furnishing was realized on the basis of photographs of the drawing room dating from before the Second World War, when the rooms of the Royal Family were documented in view of the chaos to be expected upon arrival of the German occupier.

  A few lacking components were replaced by similar pieces from the collection. The result is perhaps not a richer but definitely a more convincing image of a Royal drawing room from before the Second World War, because of the fact that one particular residential phase was opted for.

  In the period 1977-1984 the Royal Palace Het Loo in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, was thoroughly restored into a museum, highlighting the late 17th-century phase in which King William III and Queen Mary II resided at Het Loo. The restoration of Het Loo was severely criticized. A walk was laid out through the approximately 40 rooms in the Palace which are open to the public.

  The main apartments were furnished in the style of the first main residents, the remaining rooms were devoted to the other members of the House of Oranje-Nassau, in chronological order. This implied that the rooms devoted to the last main resident, Queen Wilhelmina (1880-1962), were necessarily reconstructed in the rooms at the end of the visitors' route, which were not intended for that purpose originally.

  The wainscoting was retained, but all the movable parts of the interior were transferred to the new museum rooms. In principle, all the relocated rooms could be rebuilt again in their original...

  In the period 1977-1984 the Royal Palace Het Loo in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, was thoroughly restored into a museum, highlighting the late 17th-century phase in which King William III and Queen Mary II resided at Het Loo. The restoration of Het Loo was severely criticized. A walk was laid...

  Paul Rem

  22-32

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