Artikelen

• Het archeologisch onderzoek van de Kenenburg

  The settlement Schipluiden dates from Roman times. During the second half of the 13th century extension of inhabitation changed Schipluiden into an independent parish with a parish church on the northern embankment of the canal the Gaag. In the 15th century the prominent castle Kenenburg was built in front of this church both buildings determining Schipluiden's skyline until the end of the 18th century. Archaeological research after this castle surrounded by moats has been carried out since 1966.

  Excavations in 1989 could complete the castle's plan and incidentally called attention to previous traces of inhabitation both and artefacts from the castle's moat. Present-day research of buried homesteads approaches these castles as on top of the regional social hierarchy of agricultural settlements. All kinds of data must throw a light on the castle's role in its regional context. Research after the frontal and main castle traced potsherds of earthenware, which indicate inhabitation from the 12th till the 14th century. Excavated stone building has been dated as constructed at the end of the 14th or the beginning of the 15th century.

  After digging the grooves for the foundations the moat round about the grounds was dug and thus the mowing field within these moats was enheightened with 1,5 m. The cellar was laid out at least one half below the new mowing field. Three engravings by Roelant Roghman (1646) reflect the Kenenburg's building process. Many remainders from before 1600 cannot be archaeologically defined anymore but excavations confirm Roghman's buildings after 1600 in detail.

  The 15th and 16th century frontal castle was situated to the east, while as opposed to the site of the main castle the mowing field hardly has been enheightened. Delfland being inundated in the middle of the 12th century the count of Holland attracted financially strong to help at the reclamation and the restoration of the dikes. In exchange the investors obtained a piece of land on which they had built their homesteads on a put up hill. Characteristic is the presence of farms at these buried homesteads.

  From the end of the 13th century these castles were built on a larger island surrounded by moats. Most of them have been demolished in the 14th century. According to the oldest discoveries on the site also Kenenburg came into being after the inundations. To the nobility sources of income consisted of the yields of their own landed estates and the rents and rights they exercised in a certain area. The possession of seigniories was the foundation of the nobility's political power.

  Studying buried homesteads one has to pay attention to the rights and properties the owner obtained in the course of time. Built on St. Maartenrecht's western point the Kenenburg was assured of this seigniory. Expansion of seigniorial rights only was possible in the 16th century, when Kenenburg became the seat of the Lord of Maasland, Schipluiden and St. Maartensrecht. When Philips van Dorp died childlessly in 1411 Philips de Blote had built a new Kenenburg surrounded by moats. Philips probably used the foundations and rising walls of his predecessors.

  The frontal castle of Kenenburg at the time must have been a very impressive building in Delfland, which impressiveness probably can be connected with the castle's upper local agricultural-economical function. The next owner Otto van Egmond had executed several alterations in the middle of the 16th century. The Kenenburg's fast rebuilding after the dismantling by the Spanish occupation as well as the fact Otto van Egmond was capable of buying the seigniories Maasland and Schipluiden points to a large financial capacity.

  In 1642 the sale of household goods and properties was started and in 1798 the Kenenburg definitively has been demolished. Discoveries from the castle's moats must provide a better insight into the Kenenburg's agricultural-economical position than at the moment is being revealed by historical sources. Thus these discoveries must explain the building of the impressive frontal castle and the role this important buried homestead has played in Delfland's agricultural economy of the 15th and 16th century.

  The settlement Schipluiden dates from Roman times. During the second half of the 13th century extension of inhabitation changed Schipluiden into an independent parish with a parish church on the northern embankment of the canal the Gaag. In the 15th century the prominent castle Kenenburg was built in front of this church both buildings determining Schipluiden's skyline until the end of the 18th century. Archaeological research after this castle surrounded by moats has been carried out since 1966.

  Excavations in 1989 could complete the castle's plan and incidentally called attention to previous traces of inhabitation both and artefacts from the castle's moat. Present-day research of buried homesteads approaches these castles as on top of the regional social hierarchy of agricultural settlements. All kinds of data must throw a light on the castle's role in its regional context. Research after the frontal and main castle traced potsherds of earthenware, which indicate...

  The settlement Schipluiden dates from Roman times. During the second half of the 13th century extension of inhabitation changed Schipluiden into an independent parish with a parish church on the northern embankment of the canal the Gaag. In the 15th century the prominent castle Kenenburg was...

  Epco Bult, Arnold de Haan, Wilfried Messing, Jacques Moerman

  2-11

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• Hoe een Franse ingenieur over de Abdij van Middelburg in 1812 oordeelde

  In 1810 the province of Zealand became a part of the great French empire and was officially named 'Département des Souches de l'Escaut' (Departement of the Mouthes of the Scheldt) with Middelburg as its capital. A prefecture had to be set up here and the old seat of the former centre of government, the Abbey in Middelburg, was considered the best site for it. Napoleon attached great value to architectural provisions (mainly for military purposes) because of the strategic importance of this department. However, there was no local architect to meet the new requirements and who could cooperate with the French experts at their level.

  Paris immediately understood the necessity of sending an all-round architect to Middelburg. Special emphasis was laid on military demands and those of the Navy in particular. Nicolas Jean-Baptiste Anselin was appointed on 1 March 1812. At the Ecole Polytechnic in Paris he had received the best architectural education the French empire could offer in the beginning of the 19th century. The original centre of government in the former Province of Zealand in no way answered the needs of a rational modern administration, and offices in accordance with them. The representative function and the high standing of the department were also of importance.

  Anselin was commissioned to reconstruct the Abbey, then still an example of mediaeval architecture, so as to make it suitable to serve as a palace for the prefect on the one hand and as the administrative centre of the prefecture on the other. His designs and the accompanying reports, sent to Paris by the prefect, were based on the newest French ideas on architecture and his ideas are reflected in his writings on the subject. Indeed, the subtitle of this very article is borrowed from one of his statements. The designs were for the extensive Abbeycomplex to be updated as much as possible, in accordance with the ideas of Anselin's teacher Durand. The enterprise was never realised after all because of the short duration of the Napoleon government. Nevertheless from the architectural point of view it is important to get acquainted with the new ideas that inspired it.

  In 1810 the province of Zealand became a part of the great French empire and was officially named 'Département des Souches de l'Escaut' (Departement of the Mouthes of the Scheldt) with Middelburg as its capital. A prefecture had to be set up here and the old seat of the former centre of government, the Abbey in Middelburg, was considered the best site for it. Napoleon attached great value to architectural provisions (mainly for military purposes) because of the strategic importance of this department. However, there was no local architect to meet the new requirements and who could cooperate with the French experts at their level.

  Paris immediately understood the necessity of sending an all-round architect to Middelburg. Special emphasis was laid on military demands and those of the Navy in particular. Nicolas Jean-Baptiste Anselin was appointed on 1 March 1812. At the Ecole Polytechnic in Paris he had received the best architectural education the French empire could offer...

  In 1810 the province of Zealand became a part of the great French empire and was officially named 'Département des Souches de l'Escaut' (Departement of the Mouthes of the Scheldt) with Middelburg as its capital. A prefecture had to be set up here and the old seat of the former centre of...

  G.Sophia van Holthe tot Echten

  12-18

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• Monumenten dendrochronologisch gedateerd (3)

  Datings on the ground of art- or building-historical characteristics do not always prove to be as reliable for monuments from late medieval times. Thanks to the presence of old wooden constructions and the possibility to saw or to drill samples from these constructions the building-history of some Dutch buildings could be completed or readjusted. Wooden samples of objects along the eastern border proved to be dateable with the aid of West-German Standard curves. In the more westerly situated commercial towns a dendrochronological dating sometimes was harder, the wood in these parts having its origin in different regions.

  Datings on the ground of art- or building-historical characteristics do not always prove to be as reliable for monuments from late medieval times. Thanks to the presence of old wooden constructions and the possibility to saw or to drill samples from these constructions the building-history of some Dutch buildings could be completed or readjusted. Wooden samples of objects along the eastern border proved to be dateable with the aid of West-German Standard curves. In the more westerly situated commercial towns a dendrochronological dating sometimes was harder, the wood in these parts having its origin in different regions.

  Datings on the ground of art- or building-historical characteristics do not always prove to be as reliable for monuments from late medieval times. Thanks to the presence of old wooden constructions and the possibility to saw or to drill samples from these constructions the building-history of...

  Dirk Jan de Vries

  19-26

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