Artikelen

• De lappendeken van Limmen. Een bouwhistorisch onderzoek naar de bouwgeschiedenis van de Nederlands Hervormde kerk te Limmen

  The earliest mention of the church of Limmen already dates from the 9th/10th century. In 1108 bishop Burchard of Utrecht grants the church to the chapter of St. Mary of Utrecht. It is supposed that around this period the wooden building was replaced by a hall-church built of tuff. An important part of the tufa western façade of this period has been preserved.

  In about 1200 a brick tower was built against this facade. This tower used this partially leveled down church façade as its 4th wall. The tower was built in the transition period when the use of tuff was abandoned and replaced by brick. It is one of the earliest and rare examples in Northern Holland of the Romanesque style which is represented in brick only.

  Shortly after the process of building was finished there were signs of subsidence for which reason inside the hall-church two tufa buttresses were built against the western wall. In that early period brick was not common property yet and in trade it was represented in the same way as tuff.

  Due to the import of the building materials people were dependant on supply and in case of necessity, they had to use what was available. Approximately 100 years later the building of a new choir was started. In the 14th century this choir was replaced by a new Gothic Choir. This five-sided choir probably had a wooden vault.

  In the 15th century the tufa hall-church between the tower and the choir was demolished in order to make space for a new nave also with a wooden vault. The new brick facades were covered by the reused tuff of the demolished hall-church. Because of the new height of the nave roof it was necessary to heighten the tower.

  During the Eighty Years' War the church was stripped by Spanish troops who used the timber for entrenchment in the siege of the nearby city of Alkmaar. Only the wall work was left. After the relief of Alkmaar in 1573 the ruin of the church falls into the hands of the new religion. It is not until 1595 that the Protestant Community is able to partly rebuild the church.

  This new church got a roof construction with a wooden barrel vault. The tower got a provisional flat roof that in 1660 was substituted by a full-fledged spire. In 1741 the spire was changed again and it obtained its present appearance. Also the tufa covered church-façades were partially repaired with bricks so that they obtained their patchwork appearance.

  In 1806 the decayed wall of the choir was demolished. In 1868 façades of the tower and the church were plastered in white according to the fashion of that time. In the 20th century the tower and the church were restored several times and, among other things, the façades were stripped of their plasterwork. During the restoration archaeological, building historical and dendrochronological research was carried out.

  The earliest mention of the church of Limmen already dates from the 9th/10th century. In 1108 bishop Burchard of Utrecht grants the church to the chapter of St. Mary of Utrecht. It is supposed that around this period the wooden building was replaced by a hall-church built of tuff. An important part of the tufa western façade of this period has been preserved.

  In about 1200 a brick tower was built against this facade. This tower used this partially leveled down church façade as its 4th wall. The tower was built in the transition period when the use of tuff was abandoned and replaced by brick. It is one of the earliest and rare examples in Northern Holland of the Romanesque style which is represented in brick only.

  Shortly after the process of building was finished there were signs of subsidence for which reason inside the hall-church two tufa buttresses were built against the western wall. In that early period brick was not common property yet and in trade it was...

  The earliest mention of the church of Limmen already dates from the 9th/10th century. In 1108 bishop Burchard of Utrecht grants the church to the chapter of St. Mary of Utrecht. It is supposed that around this period the wooden building was replaced by a hall-church built of tuff. An important...

  Hein Hundertmark

  37-57

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• Bouwhistorisch onderzoek van de voormalige abdijschuur van Ter Doest

  For building historians the shed of the former Cistercian monastery Ter Doest, founded in 1174, has acquired the status of a place of pilgrimage. In Flanders there is not much evidence left of the agricultural land area of this monastic order. After having flourished during the Middle Ages, gradual decay followed for Ter Doest as well.

  The dilapidated abbey buildings were eventually reused as building material. The shed survived because it was used for the further exploitation of the farm. The building has a rectangular ground plan of approximately 54 metres long and 20 metres wide, with a ridge height of approximately 16.5 metres. By means of stylistic and typological comparison the building date was so far estimated at 1275/80.

  Building-historical research was carried out in connection with the recent restoration of the shed. All the wood joints of the oak roof are mortise and tenon joints, fixed with wooden nails. The only exceptions are the halved joints of rafters and loft. The geometrical proportions of the roof are also to be found in the crosscut façades. From research into the assembly marks it appeared that the main spars were numbered from south to north and that the spars of the rafters consist of two groups, which recur in the assembly marks of the wind braces.

  The four northern bays have a different numbering system from the five southern ones. The roof may have been constructed in two phases. Previous attempts to arrive at a dendrochronological dating of the roof did not produce any result. Within the scope of our research new wood samples were taken.

  Most of them failed to show a significant growth pattern and the sapwood had disappeared due to centuries of erosion processes. This made dating extremely difficult and the calculations were tested against those of a number of Bruges roofs from the same period. By combining all the results it was possible to conclude that the wood had been cut down in the period from 1370 to 1385.

  This is more than a century later than the earlier notion that the shed originated from around 1280. The masonry research shows that the body of the façades is regular and that no large alterations have been carried out since the time of its construction. However, there are numerous irregularities or anomalies around the existing openings, which indicates that many of them were made later or were altered.

  Originally the main entrance was in the crosscut façades. Later a passage was added in the longitudinal wall, at the place where there used to be a traverse building. From test excavations it appeared that the foundations of roof and walls were laid independent from each other. The posts of the roof are placed on individual footings, which widen underground.

  The foundation of the longitudinal walls contains Gothic arches. The recent research made it possible to solve a lot of questions and remove a few mysteries. However, a new problem has also arisen, notably the discord between the dating of the roof and the characteristics and typology of brick architecture. Thanks to this new problem the shed continues to arouse building historians' interest, which in itself is a good thing.

  For building historians the shed of the former Cistercian monastery Ter Doest, founded in 1174, has acquired the status of a place of pilgrimage. In Flanders there is not much evidence left of the agricultural land area of this monastic order. After having flourished during the Middle Ages, gradual decay followed for Ter Doest as well.

  The dilapidated abbey buildings were eventually reused as building material. The shed survived because it was used for the further exploitation of the farm. The building has a rectangular ground plan of approximately 54 metres long and 20 metres wide, with a ridge height of approximately 16.5 metres. By means of stylistic and typological comparison the building date was so far estimated at 1275/80.

  Building-historical research was carried out in connection with the recent restoration of the shed. All the wood joints of the oak roof are mortise and tenon joints, fixed with wooden nails. The only exceptions are the halved joints of...

  For building historians the shed of the former Cistercian monastery Ter Doest, founded in 1174, has acquired the status of a place of pilgrimage. In Flanders there is not much evidence left of the agricultural land area of this monastic order. After having flourished during the Middle Ages,...

  Dieter Nuytten

  58-74

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• Het Huis de Haene, Meelstraat 1 te Zierikzee

  In the fifteenth century the house 'de Haene' was built in the commercial town of Zierikzee, later incorrectly known as the 'Tempelierenhuis' (house of the Knights Templar). Not many written sources have been preserved. The house remained in private hands for a long time: in the second half of the 18th century it was owned by a plumber, later by a coppersmith.

  The present, still existing division of the house into two parts dates a long way back. Serious decay led to gradual repairs, accompanied with a lot of problems. First as the local authority, later as the owner, the municipality of Zierikzee, now Schouwen-Duiveland, played an active role to realise these repairs. The last phase was the recently completed restoration of the façade.

  Archaeological research has produced limited information. Internal research in the house was not possible, but would also have produced limited results, because of the drastic renovations carried out in the past. On the other hand, the façade was not dramatically altered through the centuries.

  Consequently, it is among the most extraordinary late-medieval façades in the Netherlands. Remarkable is the composition of the use of materials: natural stone up to the attic floor, above this practically only brick. Preservation was an important aim in the restoration, including the preservation of the patina. Only the substructure, notably the entrances to the cellar and main floor, was more or less restored to resemble the original situation.

  In the fifteenth century the house 'de Haene' was built in the commercial town of Zierikzee, later incorrectly known as the 'Tempelierenhuis' (house of the Knights Templar). Not many written sources have been preserved. The house remained in private hands for a long time: in the second half of the 18th century it was owned by a plumber, later by a coppersmith.

  The present, still existing division of the house into two parts dates a long way back. Serious decay led to gradual repairs, accompanied with a lot of problems. First as the local authority, later as the owner, the municipality of Zierikzee, now Schouwen-Duiveland, played an active role to realise these repairs. The last phase was the recently completed restoration of the façade.

  Archaeological research has produced limited information. Internal research in the house was not possible, but would also have produced limited results, because of the drastic renovations carried out in the past. On the other...

  In the fifteenth century the house 'de Haene' was built in the commercial town of Zierikzee, later incorrectly known as the 'Tempelierenhuis' (house of the Knights Templar). Not many written sources have been preserved. The house remained in private hands for a long time: in the second half of...

  H. Uil, J.L.C. Weyts

  75-83

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