Louis H. Sullivan: that Object He Became

Authors

  • Dan Snyder

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7480/footprint.11.2.1901

Abstract

Louis H. Sullivan constructed a world view based on a hierarchy of powers. Over this hierarchy he placed the emotion of sympathy. Characterising it as another power he described sympathy as a way of being in communion with the world that manifests in a fusion of identities. Through a close reading of his writings with particular attention paid to his often-encrypted references to Walt Whitman, together with a close reading of selected sources from his library, this essay interrogates his understanding. Sensitive to the question of ‘queering’, it focuses on his conception of fused identities and its effects on gender and sexuality. It excavates an understanding that suggests that Sullivan deliberately constructed an alternative epistemology that overcame a whole host of bipolar oppositions to include male and female. He opted instead for an emotive and fluid ontology where the fixed category of being dissolves in vital consubstantiation – and it was eroticised. Suggesting a uniquely queer stance, Sullivan insists that without a clear vision of it, one may never understand architecture.

Author Biography

Dan Snyder

Daniel Snyder is an architect practicing in the firm of Daniel E. Snyder Architect, P.C. He has taught at the Savannah College of Art and Design and is a recent graduate of Yale University’s Master of Environmental Design program. Along with his practice he is currently working on an upcoming book entitled The Tender Detail: Ornament and Sentimentality in the Architecture of Louis H. Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, under consideration for publication by Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018, of which this essay is a part.

References

Atwan, Robert. ‘Observing a Spear of Summer Grass’. The Kenyon Review, New Series 12, no. 2 (Spring, 1990)

Bederman, Gail. Manliness & Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Bloomer, Jennifer. ‘‘D’Or’’. In Sexuality and Space, edited by Beatriz Colomina. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1992.

Chauncey, George. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture and the makings of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940. New York: Basic Books, 1994.

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality Volume I: An Introduction, translated by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1990.

Geddes, Patrick, and J. Arthur Thompson. The Evolution of Sex. London: Walter Scott, 1989.

Holloway, Emory (ed.). The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman. New York: P. Smith, 1932.

Lears, Jackson. Rebirth of a Nation: The Making of North America, 1877–1920. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2009.

Leland, Charles Godfrey. The Alternate Sex or the Female Intellect in Man, and the Masculine in Woman. London: William Rider & Son, Ltd., 1904.

Leonard, Thomas C. Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics & American Economics in the Progressive Era. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.

Menocal, Narciso G.. Architecture as Nature: The Transcendentalist Idea of Louis Sullivan. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981.

Miller, Edwin Haviland (ed.), Walt Whitman’s ‘Song of Myself’: A Mosaic of Interpretations. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989.

Paul, Sherman. Louis Sullivan: An Architect in American Thought. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1962.

Robert Twombly (ed.). Louis Sullivan: The Public Papers. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

Schmidgall, Gary. Walt Whitman: A Gay Life. New York: Dutton, or The Penguin Group, 1997.

Schramm, Geoffrey Saunders. ‘Whitman’s Lifelong Endeavor: Leaves of Grass at 150’ (The Walt Whitman Archive: available oneline at http://www.whitmanarchive.org/about/articles/anc.00007.html)

Shand-Tucci, Douglass. The Crimson Letter: Harvard, Homosexuality, and the Shaping of American Culture. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003.

Streitmatter, Rodger. Outlaw Marriages: The Hidden Histories of Fifteen Extraordinary Same-Sex Couples. Boston: Beacon Press, 2012.

Sullivan, Louis H. A System of Architectural Ornament. New York: The Eakins Press, 1967.

Sullivan, Louis H. Kindergarten Chats and Other Writings. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1979.

Sullivan, Louis H. The Autobiography of an Idea. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1956.

Symonds, John Addington. The Life of Michelangelo Buonarroti, vol. 2. London: John C. Nimmo, 1893.

Twombly, Robert. Louis Sullivan: His Life and Work. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1986.

Weingarden, Lauren S. Louis H. Sullivan and a 19th-Century Poetics of Naturalized Architecture. Farnham, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2009.

Weininger, Otto. Sex and Character. New York: G. P. Putnam’s, n.d.

Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. Boston: Thayer and Eldridge, 1860.

Williams, Baker & Severn, Catalogue at Auction. Chicago: Ryerson and Burnham Libraries, 1909.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. An Autobiography. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1932.

Downloads

Published

2017-12-22